Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a large amount of challenges to address. To combat the spread of the virus, several safety measures, such as wearing face masks, have been taken. Temperature controls at the entrance of public places to prevent the entry of virus carriers have been shown to be i...

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Autores principales:	Marc Lazaro, Antonio Lazaro, Ramon Villarino, David Girbau
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	smart mask backscatter double heat flux sensor temperature health LoRa Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/04e59c07256e4409953f19a1786b39f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:04e59c07256e4409953f19a1786b39f62021-11-25T18:56:43ZSmart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring10.3390/s212274721424-8220https://doaj.org/article/04e59c07256e4409953f19a1786b39f62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7472https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a large amount of challenges to address. To combat the spread of the virus, several safety measures, such as wearing face masks, have been taken. Temperature controls at the entrance of public places to prevent the entry of virus carriers have been shown to be inefficient and inaccurate. This paper presents a smart mask that allows to monitor body temperature and breathing rate. Body temperature is measured by a non-invasive dual-heat-flux system, consisting of four sensors separated from each other with an insulating material. Breathing rate is obtained from the temperature changes within the mask, measured with a thermistor located near the nose. The system communicates by means of long-range (LoRa) backscattering, leading to a reduction in average power consumption. It is designed to establish the relative location of the smart mask from the signal received at two LoRa receivers installed inside and outside an access door. Low-cost LoRa transceivers with WiFi capabilities are used in the prototype to collect information and upload it to a server. Accuracy in body temperature measurements is consistent with measurements made with a thermistor located in the armpit. The system allows checking the correct placement of the mask based on the recorded temperatures and the breathing rate measurements. Besides, episodes of cough can be detected by sudden changes in thermistor temperature.Marc LazaroAntonio LazaroRamon VillarinoDavid GirbauMDPI AGarticlesmart maskbackscatterdouble heat flux sensortemperaturehealthLoRaChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7472, p 7472 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	smart mask backscatter double heat flux sensor temperature health LoRa Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	smart mask backscatter double heat flux sensor temperature health LoRa Chemical technology TP1-1185 Marc Lazaro Antonio Lazaro Ramon Villarino David Girbau Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring
description	The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a large amount of challenges to address. To combat the spread of the virus, several safety measures, such as wearing face masks, have been taken. Temperature controls at the entrance of public places to prevent the entry of virus carriers have been shown to be inefficient and inaccurate. This paper presents a smart mask that allows to monitor body temperature and breathing rate. Body temperature is measured by a non-invasive dual-heat-flux system, consisting of four sensors separated from each other with an insulating material. Breathing rate is obtained from the temperature changes within the mask, measured with a thermistor located near the nose. The system communicates by means of long-range (LoRa) backscattering, leading to a reduction in average power consumption. It is designed to establish the relative location of the smart mask from the signal received at two LoRa receivers installed inside and outside an access door. Low-cost LoRa transceivers with WiFi capabilities are used in the prototype to collect information and upload it to a server. Accuracy in body temperature measurements is consistent with measurements made with a thermistor located in the armpit. The system allows checking the correct placement of the mask based on the recorded temperatures and the breathing rate measurements. Besides, episodes of cough can be detected by sudden changes in thermistor temperature.
format	article
author	Marc Lazaro Antonio Lazaro Ramon Villarino David Girbau
author_facet	Marc Lazaro Antonio Lazaro Ramon Villarino David Girbau
author_sort	Marc Lazaro
title	Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring
title_short	Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring
title_full	Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring
title_fullStr	Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring
title_full_unstemmed	Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring
title_sort	smart face mask with an integrated heat flux sensor for fast and remote people’s healthcare monitoring
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/04e59c07256e4409953f19a1786b39f6
work_keys_str_mv	AT marclazaro smartfacemaskwithanintegratedheatfluxsensorforfastandremotepeopleshealthcaremonitoring AT antoniolazaro smartfacemaskwithanintegratedheatfluxsensorforfastandremotepeopleshealthcaremonitoring AT ramonvillarino smartfacemaskwithanintegratedheatfluxsensorforfastandremotepeopleshealthcaremonitoring AT davidgirbau smartfacemaskwithanintegratedheatfluxsensorforfastandremotepeopleshealthcaremonitoring
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Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring

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