No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.

Autism spectrum disorders have been proposed to arise from impairments in the probabilistic integration of prior knowledge with sensory inputs. Circular inference is one such possible impairment, in which excitation-to-inhibition imbalances in the cerebral cortex cause the reverberation and amplific...

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Autores principales:	Nikitas Angeletos Chrysaitis, Renaud Jardri, Sophie Denève, Peggy Seriès
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/04eacead728345e8ad64a9730fe88531
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:04eacead728345e8ad64a9730fe88531
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:04eacead728345e8ad64a9730fe885312021-12-02T19:57:43ZNo increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1009006https://doaj.org/article/04eacead728345e8ad64a9730fe885312021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009006https://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358Autism spectrum disorders have been proposed to arise from impairments in the probabilistic integration of prior knowledge with sensory inputs. Circular inference is one such possible impairment, in which excitation-to-inhibition imbalances in the cerebral cortex cause the reverberation and amplification of prior beliefs and sensory information. Recent empirical work has associated circular inference with the clinical dimensions of schizophrenia. Inhibition impairments have also been observed in autism, suggesting that signal reverberation might be present in that condition as well. In this study, we collected data from 21 participants with self-reported diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders and 155 participants with a broad range of autistic traits in an online probabilistic decision-making task (the fisher task). We used previously established Bayesian models to investigate possible associations between autistic traits or autism and circular inference. There was no correlation between prior or likelihood reverberation and autistic traits across the whole sample. Similarly, no differences in any of the circular inference model parameters were found between autistic participants and those with no diagnosis. Furthermore, participants incorporated information from both priors and likelihoods in their decisions, with no relationship between their weights and psychiatric traits, contrary to what common theories for both autism and schizophrenia would suggest. These findings suggest that there is no increased signal reverberation in autism, despite the known presence of excitation-to-inhibition imbalances. They can be used to further contrast and refine the Bayesian theories of schizophrenia and autism, revealing a divergence in the computational mechanisms underlying the two conditions.Nikitas Angeletos ChrysaitisRenaud JardriSophie DenèvePeggy SerièsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 9, p e1009006 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Nikitas Angeletos Chrysaitis Renaud Jardri Sophie Denève Peggy Seriès No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.
description	Autism spectrum disorders have been proposed to arise from impairments in the probabilistic integration of prior knowledge with sensory inputs. Circular inference is one such possible impairment, in which excitation-to-inhibition imbalances in the cerebral cortex cause the reverberation and amplification of prior beliefs and sensory information. Recent empirical work has associated circular inference with the clinical dimensions of schizophrenia. Inhibition impairments have also been observed in autism, suggesting that signal reverberation might be present in that condition as well. In this study, we collected data from 21 participants with self-reported diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders and 155 participants with a broad range of autistic traits in an online probabilistic decision-making task (the fisher task). We used previously established Bayesian models to investigate possible associations between autistic traits or autism and circular inference. There was no correlation between prior or likelihood reverberation and autistic traits across the whole sample. Similarly, no differences in any of the circular inference model parameters were found between autistic participants and those with no diagnosis. Furthermore, participants incorporated information from both priors and likelihoods in their decisions, with no relationship between their weights and psychiatric traits, contrary to what common theories for both autism and schizophrenia would suggest. These findings suggest that there is no increased signal reverberation in autism, despite the known presence of excitation-to-inhibition imbalances. They can be used to further contrast and refine the Bayesian theories of schizophrenia and autism, revealing a divergence in the computational mechanisms underlying the two conditions.
format	article
author	Nikitas Angeletos Chrysaitis Renaud Jardri Sophie Denève Peggy Seriès
author_facet	Nikitas Angeletos Chrysaitis Renaud Jardri Sophie Denève Peggy Seriès
author_sort	Nikitas Angeletos Chrysaitis
title	No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.
title_short	No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.
title_full	No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.
title_fullStr	No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.
title_full_unstemmed	No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.
title_sort	no increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/04eacead728345e8ad64a9730fe88531
work_keys_str_mv	AT nikitasangeletoschrysaitis noincreasedcircularinferenceinadultswithhighlevelsofautistictraitsorautism AT renaudjardri noincreasedcircularinferenceinadultswithhighlevelsofautistictraitsorautism AT sophiedeneve noincreasedcircularinferenceinadultswithhighlevelsofautistictraitsorautism AT peggyseries noincreasedcircularinferenceinadultswithhighlevelsofautistictraitsorautism
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No increased circular inference in adults with high levels of autistic traits or autism.

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