Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression

Scientific evidence that circadian rhythms affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has highlighted the importance of drug dosing-time. Circadian oscillations alter drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as intracellular signaling systems, target molecules (e.g.,...

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Autores principales:	Soraia Silva, Joana Bicker, Amílcar Falcão, Ana Fortuna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antidepressant circadian rhythm chronopharmacokinetics chrono-pharmacodynamics chronotoxicology depression Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/04f3a6f7dd684a28a2b65435b4c88349
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:04f3a6f7dd684a28a2b65435b4c883492021-11-25T18:42:39ZAntidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression10.3390/pharmaceutics131119751999-4923https://doaj.org/article/04f3a6f7dd684a28a2b65435b4c883492021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1975https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Scientific evidence that circadian rhythms affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has highlighted the importance of drug dosing-time. Circadian oscillations alter drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as intracellular signaling systems, target molecules (e.g., receptors, transporters, and enzymes), and gene transcription. Although several antidepressant drugs are clinically available, less than 50% of depressed patients respond to first-line pharmacological treatments. Chronotherapeutic approaches to enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants are not completely known. Even so, experimental results found until this day suggest a positive influence of drug dosing-time on the efficacy of depression therapy. On the other hand, antidepressants have also demonstrated to modulate circadian rhythmicity and sleep–wake cycles. This review aims to evidence the potential of chronotherapy to improve the efficacy and/or safety of antidepressants. It includes pre-clinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the relevance of determining the most appropriate time of administration for antidepressant drugs. In parallel, their positive influence on the resynchronization of disrupted circadian rhythms is also herein discussed. It is expected that this review will promote the investigation of chronotherapy for the treatment of depression, contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between antidepressants and circadian rhythms, and consequently promote the development of new therapeutics.Soraia SilvaJoana BickerAmílcar FalcãoAna FortunaMDPI AGarticleantidepressantcircadian rhythmchronopharmacokineticschrono-pharmacodynamicschronotoxicologydepressionPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1975, p 1975 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antidepressant circadian rhythm chronopharmacokinetics chrono-pharmacodynamics chronotoxicology depression Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	antidepressant circadian rhythm chronopharmacokinetics chrono-pharmacodynamics chronotoxicology depression Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Soraia Silva Joana Bicker Amílcar Falcão Ana Fortuna Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression
description	Scientific evidence that circadian rhythms affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has highlighted the importance of drug dosing-time. Circadian oscillations alter drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as intracellular signaling systems, target molecules (e.g., receptors, transporters, and enzymes), and gene transcription. Although several antidepressant drugs are clinically available, less than 50% of depressed patients respond to first-line pharmacological treatments. Chronotherapeutic approaches to enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants are not completely known. Even so, experimental results found until this day suggest a positive influence of drug dosing-time on the efficacy of depression therapy. On the other hand, antidepressants have also demonstrated to modulate circadian rhythmicity and sleep–wake cycles. This review aims to evidence the potential of chronotherapy to improve the efficacy and/or safety of antidepressants. It includes pre-clinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the relevance of determining the most appropriate time of administration for antidepressant drugs. In parallel, their positive influence on the resynchronization of disrupted circadian rhythms is also herein discussed. It is expected that this review will promote the investigation of chronotherapy for the treatment of depression, contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between antidepressants and circadian rhythms, and consequently promote the development of new therapeutics.
format	article
author	Soraia Silva Joana Bicker Amílcar Falcão Ana Fortuna
author_facet	Soraia Silva Joana Bicker Amílcar Falcão Ana Fortuna
author_sort	Soraia Silva
title	Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression
title_short	Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression
title_full	Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression
title_fullStr	Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression
title_full_unstemmed	Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression
title_sort	antidepressants and circadian rhythm: exploring their bidirectional interaction for the treatment of depression
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/04f3a6f7dd684a28a2b65435b4c88349
work_keys_str_mv	AT soraiasilva antidepressantsandcircadianrhythmexploringtheirbidirectionalinteractionforthetreatmentofdepression AT joanabicker antidepressantsandcircadianrhythmexploringtheirbidirectionalinteractionforthetreatmentofdepression AT amilcarfalcao antidepressantsandcircadianrhythmexploringtheirbidirectionalinteractionforthetreatmentofdepression AT anafortuna antidepressantsandcircadianrhythmexploringtheirbidirectionalinteractionforthetreatmentofdepression
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Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression

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