Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A novel titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO<sub>2</sub>NTS) coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was prepared by in situ anodization of titanium wire in electrolyte containing ethylene glycol and ammonium fluoride (NH<sub>4</sub>F). The effects of different electrol...

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Autores principales:	Mingguang Ma, Yunxia Wei, Jie Chen, Qiong Shang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	solid-phase microextraction titanium dioxide nanotube high-performance liquid chromatography polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Crystallography QD901-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/04feb5def203457d993aeb7345fd19b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:04feb5def203457d993aeb7345fd19b32021-11-25T17:19:13ZElectrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons10.3390/cryst111113842073-4352https://doaj.org/article/04feb5def203457d993aeb7345fd19b32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/11/1384https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4352A novel titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO<sub>2</sub>NTS) coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was prepared by in situ anodization of titanium wire in electrolyte containing ethylene glycol and ammonium fluoride (NH<sub>4</sub>F). The effects of different electrolyte solutions (NH<sub>4</sub>F and ethylene glycol) and oxidation voltages on the formation and size of TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs was studied. It was obtained from the experiment that TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs arrays were arranged with a wall thickness of 25 nm and the diameter of 100 nm pores in ethylene glycol and water (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>, 1:1) containing NH<sub>4</sub>F of 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) with a voltage of 20 V at 25 °C for 30 min. The TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs were used as solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spiked real samples water. Under the optimized SPME conditions, the calibration curve has good linearity in the range of 0.20–500 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>, and the correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) is between 0.9980 and 0.9991. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.5–4.7% (<i>n</i> = 5) for single fiber repeatability and of 5.2% to 7.9% for fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (<i>n</i> = 3) was obtained. The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N = 10) of PAHs were 0.03–0.05 µg·L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.12–0.18 µg·L<sup>−1</sup>. The developed method was applied to the preconcentration and determination of trace PAHs in spiked real samples of water with good recoveries from 78.6% to 119% and RSDs from 4.3 to 8.9%, respectively.Mingguang MaYunxia WeiJie ChenQiong ShangMDPI AGarticlesolid-phase microextractiontitanium dioxide nanotubehigh-performance liquid chromatographypolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsCrystallographyQD901-999ENCrystals, Vol 11, Iss 1384, p 1384 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	solid-phase microextraction titanium dioxide nanotube high-performance liquid chromatography polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Crystallography QD901-999
spellingShingle	solid-phase microextraction titanium dioxide nanotube high-performance liquid chromatography polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Crystallography QD901-999 Mingguang Ma Yunxia Wei Jie Chen Qiong Shang Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
description	A novel titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO<sub>2</sub>NTS) coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was prepared by in situ anodization of titanium wire in electrolyte containing ethylene glycol and ammonium fluoride (NH<sub>4</sub>F). The effects of different electrolyte solutions (NH<sub>4</sub>F and ethylene glycol) and oxidation voltages on the formation and size of TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs was studied. It was obtained from the experiment that TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs arrays were arranged with a wall thickness of 25 nm and the diameter of 100 nm pores in ethylene glycol and water (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>, 1:1) containing NH<sub>4</sub>F of 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) with a voltage of 20 V at 25 °C for 30 min. The TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs were used as solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spiked real samples water. Under the optimized SPME conditions, the calibration curve has good linearity in the range of 0.20–500 μg·L<sup>−1</sup>, and the correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) is between 0.9980 and 0.9991. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.5–4.7% (<i>n</i> = 5) for single fiber repeatability and of 5.2% to 7.9% for fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (<i>n</i> = 3) was obtained. The limits of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (S/N = 10) of PAHs were 0.03–0.05 µg·L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.12–0.18 µg·L<sup>−1</sup>. The developed method was applied to the preconcentration and determination of trace PAHs in spiked real samples of water with good recoveries from 78.6% to 119% and RSDs from 4.3 to 8.9%, respectively.
format	article
author	Mingguang Ma Yunxia Wei Jie Chen Qiong Shang
author_facet	Mingguang Ma Yunxia Wei Jie Chen Qiong Shang
author_sort	Mingguang Ma
title	Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_short	Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_full	Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_fullStr	Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_full_unstemmed	Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
title_sort	electrochemical in situ fabrication of titanium dioxide nanotubes on a titanium wire as a fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/04feb5def203457d993aeb7345fd19b3
work_keys_str_mv	AT mingguangma electrochemicalinsitufabricationoftitaniumdioxidenanotubesonatitaniumwireasafibercoatingforsolidphasemicroextractionofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons AT yunxiawei electrochemicalinsitufabricationoftitaniumdioxidenanotubesonatitaniumwireasafibercoatingforsolidphasemicroextractionofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons AT jiechen electrochemicalinsitufabricationoftitaniumdioxidenanotubesonatitaniumwireasafibercoatingforsolidphasemicroextractionofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons AT qiongshang electrochemicalinsitufabricationoftitaniumdioxidenanotubesonatitaniumwireasafibercoatingforsolidphasemicroextractionofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons
_version_	1718412509026713600

Electrochemical In Situ Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes on a Titanium Wire as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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