Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites

Extreme heat is an increasing climate risk due to climate change and the urban heat island (UHI) effect and can jeopardize points of dispensing (PODs) for COVID-19 vaccination distribution and broader public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) response operations. These PODs were often located on l...

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Autores principales:	Ladd Keith, Nicole Iroz-Elardo, Erika Austof, Ida Sami, Mona Arora
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Climate change Extreme heat COVID-19 Points of dispensing Public health emergency preparedness Heat resilience Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/051b7821027a4aba881eb35faaa40b40
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:051b7821027a4aba881eb35faaa40b402021-11-18T04:53:59ZExtreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites2667-278210.1016/j.joclim.2021.100043https://doaj.org/article/051b7821027a4aba881eb35faaa40b402021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667278221000407https://doaj.org/toc/2667-2782Extreme heat is an increasing climate risk due to climate change and the urban heat island (UHI) effect and can jeopardize points of dispensing (PODs) for COVID-19 vaccination distribution and broader public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) response operations. These PODs were often located on large parking lot sites with high heat severity and did not take heat mitigation or management strategies into account for unacclimated workers and volunteers. To investigate the personal heat exposure of workers, volunteers, and clients at three PODs in Tucson, Arizona, we collected ambient air temperatures, wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT), surface temperatures, and thermal images. We also made qualitative observations and compared data against daily meteorological records. Ambient air temperatures at all three PODs exceeded the meteorological recorded high. WBGT on average were 8°F (4.4 °C) higher in full sun locations than shaded locations such as tents. Evaporative cooling decreased ambient air temperatures by 2°F (1.2 °C) when placed one per tent, but decreased ambient air temperatures by 7°F (3.9 °C) when placed en masse in a larger tent. Vehicle surface temperatures exceeded recommended safe limits of 140°F (60 °C) at all three sites, with a maximum temperature recorded at 170.9°F (77.2 °C). Public health professionals should consider heat resilience, including heat mitigation and management measures, in POD and PHEP response operations to reduce exposure. This includes considering the UHI effect in the siting of PODs, applying heat mitigation strategies in the design of PODs such as the adaptive use of solar panels for shading, and improving heat safety guidance for workers and volunteers.Ladd KeithNicole Iroz-ElardoErika AustofIda SamiMona AroraElsevierarticleClimate changeExtreme heatCOVID-19Points of dispensingPublic health emergency preparednessHeat resiliencePublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270Meteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENThe Journal of Climate Change and Health, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100043- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Climate change Extreme heat COVID-19 Points of dispensing Public health emergency preparedness Heat resilience Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	Climate change Extreme heat COVID-19 Points of dispensing Public health emergency preparedness Heat resilience Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Ladd Keith Nicole Iroz-Elardo Erika Austof Ida Sami Mona Arora Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites
description	Extreme heat is an increasing climate risk due to climate change and the urban heat island (UHI) effect and can jeopardize points of dispensing (PODs) for COVID-19 vaccination distribution and broader public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) response operations. These PODs were often located on large parking lot sites with high heat severity and did not take heat mitigation or management strategies into account for unacclimated workers and volunteers. To investigate the personal heat exposure of workers, volunteers, and clients at three PODs in Tucson, Arizona, we collected ambient air temperatures, wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT), surface temperatures, and thermal images. We also made qualitative observations and compared data against daily meteorological records. Ambient air temperatures at all three PODs exceeded the meteorological recorded high. WBGT on average were 8°F (4.4 °C) higher in full sun locations than shaded locations such as tents. Evaporative cooling decreased ambient air temperatures by 2°F (1.2 °C) when placed one per tent, but decreased ambient air temperatures by 7°F (3.9 °C) when placed en masse in a larger tent. Vehicle surface temperatures exceeded recommended safe limits of 140°F (60 °C) at all three sites, with a maximum temperature recorded at 170.9°F (77.2 °C). Public health professionals should consider heat resilience, including heat mitigation and management measures, in POD and PHEP response operations to reduce exposure. This includes considering the UHI effect in the siting of PODs, applying heat mitigation strategies in the design of PODs such as the adaptive use of solar panels for shading, and improving heat safety guidance for workers and volunteers.
format	article
author	Ladd Keith Nicole Iroz-Elardo Erika Austof Ida Sami Mona Arora
author_facet	Ladd Keith Nicole Iroz-Elardo Erika Austof Ida Sami Mona Arora
author_sort	Ladd Keith
title	Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites
title_short	Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites
title_full	Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites
title_fullStr	Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites
title_full_unstemmed	Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites
title_sort	extreme heat at outdoor covid-19 vaccination sites
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/051b7821027a4aba881eb35faaa40b40
work_keys_str_mv	AT laddkeith extremeheatatoutdoorcovid19vaccinationsites AT nicoleirozelardo extremeheatatoutdoorcovid19vaccinationsites AT erikaaustof extremeheatatoutdoorcovid19vaccinationsites AT idasami extremeheatatoutdoorcovid19vaccinationsites AT monaarora extremeheatatoutdoorcovid19vaccinationsites
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Extreme heat at outdoor COVID-19 vaccination sites

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