A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

David M Christmas, JP Potokar, Simon JC DaviesAcademic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK A presentation relating to this manuscript was made by Dr David Christmas at the 9th International Meeting on Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry (9t...

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Autores principales:	Christmas DM, Potokar JP, Davies SJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2011
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/051bdd674e7b4926b2909d702f9fc307
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:051bdd674e7b4926b2909d702f9fc3072021-12-02T01:09:00ZA biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase1176-63281178-2021https://doaj.org/article/051bdd674e7b4926b2909d702f9fc3072011-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/a-biological-pathway-linking-inflammation-and-depression-activation-of-a7859https://doaj.org/toc/1176-6328https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021David M Christmas, JP Potokar, Simon JC DaviesAcademic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK A presentation relating to this manuscript was made by Dr David Christmas at the 9th International Meeting on Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry (9th IMCPP) in Copenhagen, Denmark in September 2010Abstract: This article highlights the evidence linking depression to increased inflammatory drive and explores putative mechanisms for the association by reviewing both preclinical and clinical literature. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and may form a link between immune functioning and altered neurotransmission, which results in depression. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity may cause both tryptophan depletion and increased neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, two alterations which have been hypothesized to cause depression. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is comprehensively described with a focus on the evidence linking metabolite alterations to depression. The use of immune-activated groups at high risk of depression have been used to explore these hypotheses; we focus on the studies involving chronic hepatitis C patients receiving interferon-alpha, an immune activating cytokine. Findings from this work have led to novel strategies for the future development of antidepressants including inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, moderating the cytokines which activate it, or addressing other targets in the kynurenine pathway.Keywords: depression, inflammation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine, serotonin, tryptophanChristmas DMPotokar JPDavies SJDove Medical PressarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol 2011, Iss Issue 1, Pp 431-439 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Christmas DM Potokar JP Davies SJ A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
description	David M Christmas, JP Potokar, Simon JC DaviesAcademic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK A presentation relating to this manuscript was made by Dr David Christmas at the 9th International Meeting on Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry (9th IMCPP) in Copenhagen, Denmark in September 2010Abstract: This article highlights the evidence linking depression to increased inflammatory drive and explores putative mechanisms for the association by reviewing both preclinical and clinical literature. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and may form a link between immune functioning and altered neurotransmission, which results in depression. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity may cause both tryptophan depletion and increased neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, two alterations which have been hypothesized to cause depression. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is comprehensively described with a focus on the evidence linking metabolite alterations to depression. The use of immune-activated groups at high risk of depression have been used to explore these hypotheses; we focus on the studies involving chronic hepatitis C patients receiving interferon-alpha, an immune activating cytokine. Findings from this work have led to novel strategies for the future development of antidepressants including inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, moderating the cytokines which activate it, or addressing other targets in the kynurenine pathway.Keywords: depression, inflammation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine, serotonin, tryptophan
format	article
author	Christmas DM Potokar JP Davies SJ
author_facet	Christmas DM Potokar JP Davies SJ
author_sort	Christmas DM
title	A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
title_short	A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
title_full	A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
title_fullStr	A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
title_full_unstemmed	A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
title_sort	biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/051bdd674e7b4926b2909d702f9fc307
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A biological pathway linking inflammation and depression: activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

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