Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence

Abstract Working memory has been examined extensively using the N-back task. However, less is known about the neural bases underlying individual variation in the accuracy rate (AR) and reaction time (RT) as metrics of N-back performance. Whereas AR indexes the overall performance, RT may more specif...

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Autores principales:	Guangfei Li, Yu Chen, Thang M. Le, Wuyi Wang, Xiaoying Tang, Chiang-Shan R. Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/054cd3c7583a4ce1908726505238a507
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:054cd3c7583a4ce1908726505238a5072021-12-02T16:57:26ZNeural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence10.1038/s41598-021-89433-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/054cd3c7583a4ce1908726505238a5072021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89433-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Working memory has been examined extensively using the N-back task. However, less is known about the neural bases underlying individual variation in the accuracy rate (AR) and reaction time (RT) as metrics of N-back performance. Whereas AR indexes the overall performance, RT may more specifically reflect the efficiency in updating target identify. Further, studies have associated fluid intelligence (Gf) with working memory, but the cerebral correlates shared between Gf and N-back performance remain unclear. We addressed these issues using the Human Connectome Project dataset. We quantified the differences in AR (critical success index or CSI) and RT between 2- and 0-backs (CSI2–0 and RT2–0) and identified the neural correlates of individual variation in CSI2–0, RT2–0, and Gf, as indexed by the number of correct items scored in the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test. The results showed that CSI2–0 and RT2–0 were negatively correlated, suggesting that a prolonged response time did not facilitate accuracy. At voxel p < 0.05, FWE-corrected, the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), bilateral frontoparietal cortex (biFPC) and right anterior insula (rAI) showed activities in negative correlation with CSI2–0 and positive correlation with RT2–0. In contrast, a cluster in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) bordering the SMA showed activities in positive correlation with CSI2–0 and negative correlation with RT2–0. Further, path analyses showed a significant fit of the model dACC → RT2–0 → CSI2–0, suggesting a critical role of target switching in determining performance accuracy. Individual variations in RT2–0 and Gf were positively correlated, although the effect size was small (f2 = 0.0246). RT2–0 and Gf shared activities both in positive correlation with the preSMA, biFPC, rAI, and dorsal precuneus. These results together suggest inter-related neural substrates of individual variation in N-back performance and highlight a complex relationship in the neural processes supporting 2-back and RSPM performance.Guangfei LiYu ChenThang M. LeWuyi WangXiaoying TangChiang-Shan R. LiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Guangfei Li Yu Chen Thang M. Le Wuyi Wang Xiaoying Tang Chiang-Shan R. Li Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
description	Abstract Working memory has been examined extensively using the N-back task. However, less is known about the neural bases underlying individual variation in the accuracy rate (AR) and reaction time (RT) as metrics of N-back performance. Whereas AR indexes the overall performance, RT may more specifically reflect the efficiency in updating target identify. Further, studies have associated fluid intelligence (Gf) with working memory, but the cerebral correlates shared between Gf and N-back performance remain unclear. We addressed these issues using the Human Connectome Project dataset. We quantified the differences in AR (critical success index or CSI) and RT between 2- and 0-backs (CSI2–0 and RT2–0) and identified the neural correlates of individual variation in CSI2–0, RT2–0, and Gf, as indexed by the number of correct items scored in the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test. The results showed that CSI2–0 and RT2–0 were negatively correlated, suggesting that a prolonged response time did not facilitate accuracy. At voxel p < 0.05, FWE-corrected, the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), bilateral frontoparietal cortex (biFPC) and right anterior insula (rAI) showed activities in negative correlation with CSI2–0 and positive correlation with RT2–0. In contrast, a cluster in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) bordering the SMA showed activities in positive correlation with CSI2–0 and negative correlation with RT2–0. Further, path analyses showed a significant fit of the model dACC → RT2–0 → CSI2–0, suggesting a critical role of target switching in determining performance accuracy. Individual variations in RT2–0 and Gf were positively correlated, although the effect size was small (f2 = 0.0246). RT2–0 and Gf shared activities both in positive correlation with the preSMA, biFPC, rAI, and dorsal precuneus. These results together suggest inter-related neural substrates of individual variation in N-back performance and highlight a complex relationship in the neural processes supporting 2-back and RSPM performance.
format	article
author	Guangfei Li Yu Chen Thang M. Le Wuyi Wang Xiaoying Tang Chiang-Shan R. Li
author_facet	Guangfei Li Yu Chen Thang M. Le Wuyi Wang Xiaoying Tang Chiang-Shan R. Li
author_sort	Guangfei Li
title	Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
title_short	Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
title_full	Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
title_fullStr	Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
title_full_unstemmed	Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
title_sort	neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/054cd3c7583a4ce1908726505238a507
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Neural correlates of individual variation in two-back working memory and the relationship with fluid intelligence

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