Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages

Abstract Background Handball is characterised by repetitive passing and shooting actions mainly performed with the throwing arm. This can lead to side differences (inter-limb asymmetry) in upper quarter mobility/stability between the throwing and non-throwing arm, which could even increase with adva...

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Autores principales:	Julian Bauer, Stefan Panzer, Thomas Muehlbauer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Inter-limb differences Asymmetry Upper quarter mobility/stability Athletes Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0574b61cc9d745fcbc1fb47d0015fc05
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0574b61cc9d745fcbc1fb47d0015fc052021-11-08T11:14:47ZSide differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages10.1186/s13102-021-00364-32052-1847https://doaj.org/article/0574b61cc9d745fcbc1fb47d0015fc052021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00364-3https://doaj.org/toc/2052-1847Abstract Background Handball is characterised by repetitive passing and shooting actions mainly performed with the throwing arm. This can lead to side differences (inter-limb asymmetry) in upper quarter mobility/stability between the throwing and non-throwing arm, which could even increase with advancing age (i.e., playing experience). However, side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability is associated with an increased musculoskeletal injury risk. Therefore, we assessed side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability in young handball players at different ages using a cross-sectional study design. Methods Upper Quarter Y Balance test performance of the throwing and non-throwing arm was assessed in 190 sub-elite young female and male handball players (13–18 years). Per arm, relative maximal reach distances (% arm length) for all three directions (i.e., medial, inferolateral, superolateral) and the composite score (CS) were calculated and used for an age × side analysis of variance. Additionally, partial eta-squared (ηp2) was calculated as an effect size measure. Results Irrespective of measure, statistically significant main effects of age (except for the composite score) and side but no statistically significant age × side interaction effects were detected. Further, limb asymmetry in the inferolateral reach direction was above the injury-related cut-off value (i.e., ≥ 7.75% arm length) in 13- and 14-year-olds but not in the older players. Conclusion The detection of limb asymmetry above the proposed injury-related cut-off value in younger players (13- and 14-year-olds) but not in older players (15- to 18-year-olds) may be indicative for an increased injury risk for the younger age group. Thus, prevention programs should be implemented in the handball training routine, especially for the younger ones.Julian BauerStefan PanzerThomas MuehlbauerBMCarticleInter-limb differencesAsymmetryUpper quarter mobility/stabilityAthletesSports medicineRC1200-1245ENBMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Inter-limb differences Asymmetry Upper quarter mobility/stability Athletes Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Inter-limb differences Asymmetry Upper quarter mobility/stability Athletes Sports medicine RC1200-1245 Julian Bauer Stefan Panzer Thomas Muehlbauer Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages
description	Abstract Background Handball is characterised by repetitive passing and shooting actions mainly performed with the throwing arm. This can lead to side differences (inter-limb asymmetry) in upper quarter mobility/stability between the throwing and non-throwing arm, which could even increase with advancing age (i.e., playing experience). However, side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability is associated with an increased musculoskeletal injury risk. Therefore, we assessed side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability in young handball players at different ages using a cross-sectional study design. Methods Upper Quarter Y Balance test performance of the throwing and non-throwing arm was assessed in 190 sub-elite young female and male handball players (13–18 years). Per arm, relative maximal reach distances (% arm length) for all three directions (i.e., medial, inferolateral, superolateral) and the composite score (CS) were calculated and used for an age × side analysis of variance. Additionally, partial eta-squared (ηp2) was calculated as an effect size measure. Results Irrespective of measure, statistically significant main effects of age (except for the composite score) and side but no statistically significant age × side interaction effects were detected. Further, limb asymmetry in the inferolateral reach direction was above the injury-related cut-off value (i.e., ≥ 7.75% arm length) in 13- and 14-year-olds but not in the older players. Conclusion The detection of limb asymmetry above the proposed injury-related cut-off value in younger players (13- and 14-year-olds) but not in older players (15- to 18-year-olds) may be indicative for an increased injury risk for the younger age group. Thus, prevention programs should be implemented in the handball training routine, especially for the younger ones.
format	article
author	Julian Bauer Stefan Panzer Thomas Muehlbauer
author_facet	Julian Bauer Stefan Panzer Thomas Muehlbauer
author_sort	Julian Bauer
title	Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages
title_short	Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages
title_full	Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages
title_fullStr	Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages
title_full_unstemmed	Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages
title_sort	side differences of upper quarter y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0574b61cc9d745fcbc1fb47d0015fc05
work_keys_str_mv	AT julianbauer sidedifferencesofupperquarterybalancetestperformanceinsubeliteyoungmaleandfemalehandballplayerswithdifferentages AT stefanpanzer sidedifferencesofupperquarterybalancetestperformanceinsubeliteyoungmaleandfemalehandballplayerswithdifferentages AT thomasmuehlbauer sidedifferencesofupperquarterybalancetestperformanceinsubeliteyoungmaleandfemalehandballplayerswithdifferentages
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Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages

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