Detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank.
<h4>Importance</h4>Efforts are underway to incorporate retinal neurodegeneration in the diabetic retinopathy severity scale. However, there is no established measure to quantify diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN).<h4>Objective</h4>We compared total retinal, macular reti...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:05973afd168f4db499947f9cb125b0382021-12-02T20:14:00ZDetecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257836https://doaj.org/article/05973afd168f4db499947f9cb125b0382021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257836https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Importance</h4>Efforts are underway to incorporate retinal neurodegeneration in the diabetic retinopathy severity scale. However, there is no established measure to quantify diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN).<h4>Objective</h4>We compared total retinal, macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness among participants with and without diabetes (DM) in a population-based cohort.<h4>Design/setting/participants</h4>Cross-sectional analysis, using the UK Biobank data resource. Separate general linear mixed models (GLMM) were created using DM and glycated hemoglobin as predictor variables for retinal thickness. Sub-analyses included comparing thickness measurements for patients with no/mild diabetic retinopathy (DR) and evaluating factors associated with retinal thickness in participants with and without diabetes. Factors found to be significantly associated with DM or thickness were included in a multiple GLMM.<h4>Exposure</h4>Diagnosis of DM was determined via self-report of diagnosis, medication use, DM-related complications or glycated hemoglobin level of ≥ 6.5%.<h4>Main outcomes and measures</h4>Total retinal, mRNFL and GC-IPL thickness.<h4>Results</h4>74,422 participants (69,985 with no DM; 4,437 with DM) were included. Median age was 59 years, 46% were men and 92% were white. Participants with DM had lower total retinal thickness (-4.57 μm, 95% CI: -5.00, -4.14; p<0.001), GC-IPL thickness (-1.73 μm, 95% CI: -1.86, -1.59; p<0.001) and mRNFL thickness (-0.68 μm, 95% CI: -0.81, -0.54; p<0.001) compared to those without DM. After adjusting for co-variates, in the GLMM, total retinal thickness was 1.99 um lower (95% CI: -2.47, -1.50; p<0.001) and GC-IPL was 1.02 μm lower (95% CI: -1.18, -0.87; p<0.001) among those with DM compared to without. mRNFL was no longer significantly different (p = 0.369). GC-IPL remained significantly lower, after adjusting for co-variates, among those with DM compared to those without DM when including only participants with no/mild DR (-0.80 μm, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.62; p<0.001). Total retinal thickness decreased 0.40 μm (95% CI: -0.61, -0.20; p<0.001), mRNFL thickness increased 0.20 μm (95% CI: 0.14, 0.27; p<0.001) and GC-IPL decreased 0.26 μm (95% CI: -0.33, -0.20; p<0.001) per unit increase in A1c after adjusting for co-variates. Among participants with diabetes, age, DR grade, ethnicity, body mass index, glaucoma, spherical equivalent, and visual acuity were significantly associated with GC-IPL thickness.<h4>Conclusion</h4>GC-IPL was thinner among participants with DM, compared to without DM. This difference persisted after adjusting for confounding variables and when considering only those with no/mild DR. This confirms that GC-IPL thinning occurs early in DM and can serve as a useful marker of DRN.Roomasa ChannaKyungmoo LeeKristen A StaggersNitish MehtaSidra ZafarJie GaoBenjamin J FrankfortSharon Y L ChuaAnthony P KhawajaPaul J FosterPraveen J PatelCharles G MinardChris AmosMichael D AbramoffPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257836 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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Medicine R Science Q |
| spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Roomasa Channa Kyungmoo Lee Kristen A Staggers Nitish Mehta Sidra Zafar Jie Gao Benjamin J Frankfort Sharon Y L Chua Anthony P Khawaja Paul J Foster Praveen J Patel Charles G Minard Chris Amos Michael D Abramoff Detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank. |
| description |
<h4>Importance</h4>Efforts are underway to incorporate retinal neurodegeneration in the diabetic retinopathy severity scale. However, there is no established measure to quantify diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN).<h4>Objective</h4>We compared total retinal, macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness among participants with and without diabetes (DM) in a population-based cohort.<h4>Design/setting/participants</h4>Cross-sectional analysis, using the UK Biobank data resource. Separate general linear mixed models (GLMM) were created using DM and glycated hemoglobin as predictor variables for retinal thickness. Sub-analyses included comparing thickness measurements for patients with no/mild diabetic retinopathy (DR) and evaluating factors associated with retinal thickness in participants with and without diabetes. Factors found to be significantly associated with DM or thickness were included in a multiple GLMM.<h4>Exposure</h4>Diagnosis of DM was determined via self-report of diagnosis, medication use, DM-related complications or glycated hemoglobin level of ≥ 6.5%.<h4>Main outcomes and measures</h4>Total retinal, mRNFL and GC-IPL thickness.<h4>Results</h4>74,422 participants (69,985 with no DM; 4,437 with DM) were included. Median age was 59 years, 46% were men and 92% were white. Participants with DM had lower total retinal thickness (-4.57 μm, 95% CI: -5.00, -4.14; p<0.001), GC-IPL thickness (-1.73 μm, 95% CI: -1.86, -1.59; p<0.001) and mRNFL thickness (-0.68 μm, 95% CI: -0.81, -0.54; p<0.001) compared to those without DM. After adjusting for co-variates, in the GLMM, total retinal thickness was 1.99 um lower (95% CI: -2.47, -1.50; p<0.001) and GC-IPL was 1.02 μm lower (95% CI: -1.18, -0.87; p<0.001) among those with DM compared to without. mRNFL was no longer significantly different (p = 0.369). GC-IPL remained significantly lower, after adjusting for co-variates, among those with DM compared to those without DM when including only participants with no/mild DR (-0.80 μm, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.62; p<0.001). Total retinal thickness decreased 0.40 μm (95% CI: -0.61, -0.20; p<0.001), mRNFL thickness increased 0.20 μm (95% CI: 0.14, 0.27; p<0.001) and GC-IPL decreased 0.26 μm (95% CI: -0.33, -0.20; p<0.001) per unit increase in A1c after adjusting for co-variates. Among participants with diabetes, age, DR grade, ethnicity, body mass index, glaucoma, spherical equivalent, and visual acuity were significantly associated with GC-IPL thickness.<h4>Conclusion</h4>GC-IPL was thinner among participants with DM, compared to without DM. This difference persisted after adjusting for confounding variables and when considering only those with no/mild DR. This confirms that GC-IPL thinning occurs early in DM and can serve as a useful marker of DRN. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Roomasa Channa Kyungmoo Lee Kristen A Staggers Nitish Mehta Sidra Zafar Jie Gao Benjamin J Frankfort Sharon Y L Chua Anthony P Khawaja Paul J Foster Praveen J Patel Charles G Minard Chris Amos Michael D Abramoff |
| author_facet |
Roomasa Channa Kyungmoo Lee Kristen A Staggers Nitish Mehta Sidra Zafar Jie Gao Benjamin J Frankfort Sharon Y L Chua Anthony P Khawaja Paul J Foster Praveen J Patel Charles G Minard Chris Amos Michael D Abramoff |
| author_sort |
Roomasa Channa |
| title |
Detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank. |
| title_short |
Detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank. |
| title_full |
Detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank. |
| title_fullStr |
Detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank. |
| title_sort |
detecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: findings from the uk biobank. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/05973afd168f4db499947f9cb125b038 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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