Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract

Abstract Vernix caseosa, the white waxy coating found on newborn human skin, is thought to be a uniquely human substance. Its signature characteristic is exceptional richness in saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and squalene. Vernix particles sloughed from the skin suspended in amniotic fl...

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Autores principales:	Dong Hao Wang, Rinat Ran-Ressler, Judy St Leger, Erika Nilson, Lauren Palmer, Richard Collins, J. Thomas Brenna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/05a99b45609e4e959ebdd93a98270d0f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:05a99b45609e4e959ebdd93a98270d0f2021-12-02T15:07:56ZSea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract10.1038/s41598-018-25871-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/05a99b45609e4e959ebdd93a98270d0f2018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25871-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Vernix caseosa, the white waxy coating found on newborn human skin, is thought to be a uniquely human substance. Its signature characteristic is exceptional richness in saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and squalene. Vernix particles sloughed from the skin suspended in amniotic fluid are swallowed by the human fetus, depositing BCFA/squalene throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thereby establishing a unique microbial niche that influences development of nascent microbiota. Here we show that late-term California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) fetuses have true vernix caseosa, delivering BCFA and squalene to the fetal GI tract thereby recapitulating the human fetal gut microbial niche. These are the first data demonstrating the production of true vernix caseosa in a species other than Homo sapiens. Its presence in a marine mammal supports the hypothesis of an aquatic habituation period in the evolution of modern humans.Dong Hao WangRinat Ran-ResslerJudy St LegerErika NilsonLauren PalmerRichard CollinsJ. Thomas BrennaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Dong Hao Wang Rinat Ran-Ressler Judy St Leger Erika Nilson Lauren Palmer Richard Collins J. Thomas Brenna Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract
description	Abstract Vernix caseosa, the white waxy coating found on newborn human skin, is thought to be a uniquely human substance. Its signature characteristic is exceptional richness in saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) and squalene. Vernix particles sloughed from the skin suspended in amniotic fluid are swallowed by the human fetus, depositing BCFA/squalene throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thereby establishing a unique microbial niche that influences development of nascent microbiota. Here we show that late-term California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) fetuses have true vernix caseosa, delivering BCFA and squalene to the fetal GI tract thereby recapitulating the human fetal gut microbial niche. These are the first data demonstrating the production of true vernix caseosa in a species other than Homo sapiens. Its presence in a marine mammal supports the hypothesis of an aquatic habituation period in the evolution of modern humans.
format	article
author	Dong Hao Wang Rinat Ran-Ressler Judy St Leger Erika Nilson Lauren Palmer Richard Collins J. Thomas Brenna
author_facet	Dong Hao Wang Rinat Ran-Ressler Judy St Leger Erika Nilson Lauren Palmer Richard Collins J. Thomas Brenna
author_sort	Dong Hao Wang
title	Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract
title_short	Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract
title_full	Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract
title_fullStr	Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract
title_full_unstemmed	Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract
title_sort	sea lions develop human-like vernix caseosa delivering branched fats and squalene to the gi tract
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/05a99b45609e4e959ebdd93a98270d0f
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Sea Lions Develop Human-like Vernix Caseosa Delivering Branched Fats and Squalene to the GI Tract

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