Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet

Abstract Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on...

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Autores principales:	AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Fatollahi, Ali Sheykholeslami, Valdeci Carlos Dionisio, Mohammad Akrami
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Flat feet Lower limb mechanics Unstable walkway Electromyography Running Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/05e21c91fb1e48d68377d7ffc53d670f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:05e21c91fb1e48d68377d7ffc53d670f2021-11-28T12:13:20ZLong-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet10.1186/s12938-021-00955-81475-925Xhttps://doaj.org/article/05e21c91fb1e48d68377d7ffc53d670f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00955-8https://doaj.org/toc/1475-925XAbstract Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. Methods Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. Results For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p < 0.001; d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p < 0.028; d = 0.59). Significantly higher gluteus medius activity (p = 0.028, d = 0.569) was found during the post-test. We also observed significant group-by-time interactions for medial gastrocnemius activity during the push-off phase (p < 0.041; d = 0.54). Significantly larger medial gastrocnemius activity (p = 0.041; d = 0.636) was found during the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusions Long-term running on sand resulted in reduced pronation, increased medial gastrocnemius activity, and improved frontal plane pelvic stability due to higher gluteus medius activity. Trial registration: IRCT20191211045704N1. Registered 25 February 2020. Retrospectively registered.AmirAli JafarnezhadgeroAmir FatollahiAli SheykholeslamiValdeci Carlos DionisioMohammad AkramiBMCarticleFlat feetLower limb mechanicsUnstable walkwayElectromyographyRunningMedical technologyR855-855.5ENBioMedical Engineering OnLine, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Flat feet Lower limb mechanics Unstable walkway Electromyography Running Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	Flat feet Lower limb mechanics Unstable walkway Electromyography Running Medical technology R855-855.5 AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero Amir Fatollahi Ali Sheykholeslami Valdeci Carlos Dionisio Mohammad Akrami Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
description	Abstract Background Running on sand could be a promising exercise intervention for the treatment of over-pronated feet. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of running on sand on muscle activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of running on sand on the activities of selected lower limb muscles in individuals with OPF compared with healthy controls. Methods Sixty recreational adult male runners with over-pronated feet (foot posture index > 10) were divided into two equal groups (intervention and control). Participants ran barefoot at a pre-defined speed (⁓3.3 m/s) over level stable ground both before and after long-term training on the sand. Muscle activities were recorded using a surface bipolar electromyography system. Results For the intervention group, we found a reduced foot posture index (p < 0.001; d = 2.00) and significant group-by-time interactions for gluteus medius activity during the mid-stance phase (p < 0.028; d = 0.59). Significantly higher gluteus medius activity (p = 0.028, d = 0.569) was found during the post-test. We also observed significant group-by-time interactions for medial gastrocnemius activity during the push-off phase (p < 0.041; d = 0.54). Significantly larger medial gastrocnemius activity (p = 0.041; d = 0.636) was found during the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusions Long-term running on sand resulted in reduced pronation, increased medial gastrocnemius activity, and improved frontal plane pelvic stability due to higher gluteus medius activity. Trial registration: IRCT20191211045704N1. Registered 25 February 2020. Retrospectively registered.
format	article
author	AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero Amir Fatollahi Ali Sheykholeslami Valdeci Carlos Dionisio Mohammad Akrami
author_facet	AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero Amir Fatollahi Ali Sheykholeslami Valdeci Carlos Dionisio Mohammad Akrami
author_sort	AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero
title	Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
title_short	Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
title_full	Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
title_fullStr	Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
title_full_unstemmed	Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
title_sort	long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/05e21c91fb1e48d68377d7ffc53d670f
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Long-term training on sand changes lower limb muscle activities during running in runners with over-pronated feet

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