Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model

The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera, which is spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Cholera epidemics occur largely in developing countries that lack proper infrastructure to treat sewage and provide clean water. Num...

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Autores principales:	Dustin A. Farr, Dhrubajyoti Nag, Jeffrey H. Withey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	zebrafish cholera immune response Vibrio cholerae bacterial pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0604737fb0374a928ed8f1849836855d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0604737fb0374a928ed8f1849836855d2021-11-30T13:58:20ZCharacterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model2235-298810.3389/fcimb.2021.722520https://doaj.org/article/0604737fb0374a928ed8f1849836855d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.722520/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2235-2988The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera, which is spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Cholera epidemics occur largely in developing countries that lack proper infrastructure to treat sewage and provide clean water. Numerous vertebrate fish species have been found to be natural V. cholerae hosts. Based on these findings, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been developed as a natural host model for V. cholerae. Diarrheal symptoms similar to those seen in humans are seen in zebrafish as early as 6 hours after exposure. Our understanding of basic zebrafish immunology is currently rudimentary, and no research has been done to date exploring the immune response of zebrafish to V. cholerae infection. In the present study, zebrafish were infected with either pandemic El Tor or non-pandemic, environmental V. cholerae strains and select immunological markers were assessed to determine cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Significant increases in the gene expression of two transcription factors, T-bet and GATA3, were observed in response to infection with both V. cholerae strains, as were levels of mucosal related antibodies. Additionally, the cytokine IL-13 was shown to be significantly elevated and paralleled the mucin output in zebrafish excretions, strengthening our knowledge of IL-13 induced mucin production in cholera. The data presented here further solidify the relevancy of the zebrafish model in studying V. cholerae, as well as expanding its utility in the field of cholera immunology.Dustin A. FarrDhrubajyoti NagJeffrey H. WitheyFrontiers Media S.A.articlezebrafishcholeraimmune responseVibrio choleraebacterial pathogenesisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	zebrafish cholera immune response Vibrio cholerae bacterial pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	zebrafish cholera immune response Vibrio cholerae bacterial pathogenesis Microbiology QR1-502 Dustin A. Farr Dhrubajyoti Nag Jeffrey H. Withey Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model
description	The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera, which is spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Cholera epidemics occur largely in developing countries that lack proper infrastructure to treat sewage and provide clean water. Numerous vertebrate fish species have been found to be natural V. cholerae hosts. Based on these findings, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been developed as a natural host model for V. cholerae. Diarrheal symptoms similar to those seen in humans are seen in zebrafish as early as 6 hours after exposure. Our understanding of basic zebrafish immunology is currently rudimentary, and no research has been done to date exploring the immune response of zebrafish to V. cholerae infection. In the present study, zebrafish were infected with either pandemic El Tor or non-pandemic, environmental V. cholerae strains and select immunological markers were assessed to determine cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Significant increases in the gene expression of two transcription factors, T-bet and GATA3, were observed in response to infection with both V. cholerae strains, as were levels of mucosal related antibodies. Additionally, the cytokine IL-13 was shown to be significantly elevated and paralleled the mucin output in zebrafish excretions, strengthening our knowledge of IL-13 induced mucin production in cholera. The data presented here further solidify the relevancy of the zebrafish model in studying V. cholerae, as well as expanding its utility in the field of cholera immunology.
format	article
author	Dustin A. Farr Dhrubajyoti Nag Jeffrey H. Withey
author_facet	Dustin A. Farr Dhrubajyoti Nag Jeffrey H. Withey
author_sort	Dustin A. Farr
title	Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model
title_short	Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model
title_full	Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model
title_fullStr	Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model
title_sort	characterization of the immune response to vibrio cholerae infection in a natural host model
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0604737fb0374a928ed8f1849836855d
work_keys_str_mv	AT dustinafarr characterizationoftheimmuneresponsetovibriocholeraeinfectioninanaturalhostmodel AT dhrubajyotinag characterizationoftheimmuneresponsetovibriocholeraeinfectioninanaturalhostmodel AT jeffreyhwithey characterizationoftheimmuneresponsetovibriocholeraeinfectioninanaturalhostmodel
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Characterization of the Immune Response to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model

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