Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils

Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) increases soil fertility in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of RCHs on the activity and abundance of soil microorganisms remain unknown. In this paper, we analysed the impact of relict charcoal production on the soil enzymatic activity and composition of soil b...

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Autores principales:	Jarosław Lasota, Ewa Błońska, Tomasz Babiak, Wojciech Piaszczyk, Hanna Stępniewska, Robert Jankowiak, Piotr Boroń, Anna Lenart-Boroń
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	enzyme activity fungal and bacterial diversity microorganism abundance next-generation sequencing pine forest relict charcoal hearths Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/06215b37f8c04aaea2838a5e2b9777cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:06215b37f8c04aaea2838a5e2b9777cb2021-11-25T17:37:50ZEffect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils10.3390/f121114881999-4907https://doaj.org/article/06215b37f8c04aaea2838a5e2b9777cb2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1488https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) increases soil fertility in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of RCHs on the activity and abundance of soil microorganisms remain unknown. In this paper, we analysed the impact of relict charcoal production on the soil enzymatic activity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Scots pine forests of the Manowo Forest District in northern Poland. Moreover, we determined the effect of relict charcoal production on the soil properties. Our research was conducted by comparing the physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological properties of charcoal-enriched and charcoal-free soils. Significant differences in physical properties were found between these two soil types in terms of their structure and water holding capacity. As expected, horizons enriched with charcoal were characterised by a significantly higher organic carbon content (4.7% on average compared to 2.2% in control horizons), and also by a considerably higher content of available phosphorus (an average of 64.07 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> compared to 36.21 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> in the control). Similarly, RCH horizons displayed a higher pH and higher contents of Ca and Na cations. These results indicated that RCH soils provided more favourable conditions for the soil microbiome, as reflected by the higher enzymatic activity and diversity of the microorganisms. Moreover, bacterial and fungal communities in RCH soils were more diverse and had greater species/genera richness, especially in the case of fungi. Members of the genus <i>Rhodoplanes</i> dominated the bacterial community at both RCH and non-RCH sites, followed by <i>Streptomyces</i>, <i>Burkholderia</i>, <i>Skermanella</i>, <i>Tsukamurella</i> and Candidatus <i>Solibacter</i>. Both culture- and next generation sequencing (NGS)-based analyses showed that soil fungal communities were dominated by <i>Ascomycota</i>, with <i>Penicillium</i> as the most abundant genus. Our results showed that hearth soils may represent a significant C pool in the forest ecosystem. This study supports the strategy of safeguarding such charcoal-enriched soils as precious C reservoirs and ecologically important biodiversity hotspots. Moreover, the application of charcoal may effectively increase the microbial diversity of forest soils, especially during the reforestation or re-cultivation of disturbed habitats.Jarosław LasotaEwa BłońskaTomasz BabiakWojciech PiaszczykHanna StępniewskaRobert JankowiakPiotr BorońAnna Lenart-BorońMDPI AGarticleenzyme activityfungal and bacterial diversitymicroorganism abundancenext-generation sequencingpine forestrelict charcoal hearthsPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1488, p 1488 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	enzyme activity fungal and bacterial diversity microorganism abundance next-generation sequencing pine forest relict charcoal hearths Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	enzyme activity fungal and bacterial diversity microorganism abundance next-generation sequencing pine forest relict charcoal hearths Plant ecology QK900-989 Jarosław Lasota Ewa Błońska Tomasz Babiak Wojciech Piaszczyk Hanna Stępniewska Robert Jankowiak Piotr Boroń Anna Lenart-Boroń Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
description	Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) increases soil fertility in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of RCHs on the activity and abundance of soil microorganisms remain unknown. In this paper, we analysed the impact of relict charcoal production on the soil enzymatic activity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Scots pine forests of the Manowo Forest District in northern Poland. Moreover, we determined the effect of relict charcoal production on the soil properties. Our research was conducted by comparing the physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological properties of charcoal-enriched and charcoal-free soils. Significant differences in physical properties were found between these two soil types in terms of their structure and water holding capacity. As expected, horizons enriched with charcoal were characterised by a significantly higher organic carbon content (4.7% on average compared to 2.2% in control horizons), and also by a considerably higher content of available phosphorus (an average of 64.07 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> compared to 36.21 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> in the control). Similarly, RCH horizons displayed a higher pH and higher contents of Ca and Na cations. These results indicated that RCH soils provided more favourable conditions for the soil microbiome, as reflected by the higher enzymatic activity and diversity of the microorganisms. Moreover, bacterial and fungal communities in RCH soils were more diverse and had greater species/genera richness, especially in the case of fungi. Members of the genus <i>Rhodoplanes</i> dominated the bacterial community at both RCH and non-RCH sites, followed by <i>Streptomyces</i>, <i>Burkholderia</i>, <i>Skermanella</i>, <i>Tsukamurella</i> and Candidatus <i>Solibacter</i>. Both culture- and next generation sequencing (NGS)-based analyses showed that soil fungal communities were dominated by <i>Ascomycota</i>, with <i>Penicillium</i> as the most abundant genus. Our results showed that hearth soils may represent a significant C pool in the forest ecosystem. This study supports the strategy of safeguarding such charcoal-enriched soils as precious C reservoirs and ecologically important biodiversity hotspots. Moreover, the application of charcoal may effectively increase the microbial diversity of forest soils, especially during the reforestation or re-cultivation of disturbed habitats.
format	article
author	Jarosław Lasota Ewa Błońska Tomasz Babiak Wojciech Piaszczyk Hanna Stępniewska Robert Jankowiak Piotr Boroń Anna Lenart-Boroń
author_facet	Jarosław Lasota Ewa Błońska Tomasz Babiak Wojciech Piaszczyk Hanna Stępniewska Robert Jankowiak Piotr Boroń Anna Lenart-Boroń
author_sort	Jarosław Lasota
title	Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
title_short	Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
title_full	Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
title_fullStr	Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
title_sort	effect of charcoal on the properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity of temperate pine forest soils
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/06215b37f8c04aaea2838a5e2b9777cb
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Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils

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