Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.

Light plays a fundamental role in the ecology of organisms in nearly all habitats on Earth and is central for processes such as vision and the entrainment of the circadian clock. The poles represent extreme light regimes with an annual light cycle including periods of Midnight Sun and Polar Night. T...

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Autores principales:	Jonathan H Cohen, Kim S Last, Corie L Charpentier, Finlo Cottier, Malin Daase, Laura Hobbs, Geir Johnsen, Jørgen Berge
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/062b1b27a61149d98b306048c3169766
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:062b1b27a61149d98b306048c31697662021-11-25T05:34:15ZPhotophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.3001413https://doaj.org/article/062b1b27a61149d98b306048c31697662021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001413https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Light plays a fundamental role in the ecology of organisms in nearly all habitats on Earth and is central for processes such as vision and the entrainment of the circadian clock. The poles represent extreme light regimes with an annual light cycle including periods of Midnight Sun and Polar Night. The Arctic Ocean extends to the North Pole, and marine light extremes reach their maximum extent in this habitat. During the Polar Night, traditional definitions of day and night and seasonal photoperiod become irrelevant since there are only "twilight" periods defined by the sun's elevation below the horizon at midday; we term this "midday twilight." Here, we characterize light across a latitudinal gradient (76.5° N to 81° N) during Polar Night in January. Our light measurements demonstrate that the classical solar diel light cycle dominant at lower latitudes is modulated during Arctic Polar Night by lunar and auroral components. We therefore question whether this particular ambient light environment is relevant to behavioral and visual processes. We reveal from acoustic field observations that the zooplankton community is undergoing diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior. Furthermore, using electroretinogram (ERG) recording under constant darkness, we show that the main migratory species, Arctic krill (Thysanoessa inermis) show endogenous increases in visual sensitivity during the subjective night. This change in sensitivity is comparable to that under exogenous dim light acclimations, although differences in speed of vision suggest separate mechanisms. We conclude that the extremely weak midday twilight experienced by krill at high latitudes during the darkest parts of the year has physiological and ecological relevance.Jonathan H CohenKim S LastCorie L CharpentierFinlo CottierMalin DaaseLaura HobbsGeir JohnsenJørgen BergePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 10, p e3001413 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jonathan H Cohen Kim S Last Corie L Charpentier Finlo Cottier Malin Daase Laura Hobbs Geir Johnsen Jørgen Berge Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.
description	Light plays a fundamental role in the ecology of organisms in nearly all habitats on Earth and is central for processes such as vision and the entrainment of the circadian clock. The poles represent extreme light regimes with an annual light cycle including periods of Midnight Sun and Polar Night. The Arctic Ocean extends to the North Pole, and marine light extremes reach their maximum extent in this habitat. During the Polar Night, traditional definitions of day and night and seasonal photoperiod become irrelevant since there are only "twilight" periods defined by the sun's elevation below the horizon at midday; we term this "midday twilight." Here, we characterize light across a latitudinal gradient (76.5° N to 81° N) during Polar Night in January. Our light measurements demonstrate that the classical solar diel light cycle dominant at lower latitudes is modulated during Arctic Polar Night by lunar and auroral components. We therefore question whether this particular ambient light environment is relevant to behavioral and visual processes. We reveal from acoustic field observations that the zooplankton community is undergoing diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior. Furthermore, using electroretinogram (ERG) recording under constant darkness, we show that the main migratory species, Arctic krill (Thysanoessa inermis) show endogenous increases in visual sensitivity during the subjective night. This change in sensitivity is comparable to that under exogenous dim light acclimations, although differences in speed of vision suggest separate mechanisms. We conclude that the extremely weak midday twilight experienced by krill at high latitudes during the darkest parts of the year has physiological and ecological relevance.
format	article
author	Jonathan H Cohen Kim S Last Corie L Charpentier Finlo Cottier Malin Daase Laura Hobbs Geir Johnsen Jørgen Berge
author_facet	Jonathan H Cohen Kim S Last Corie L Charpentier Finlo Cottier Malin Daase Laura Hobbs Geir Johnsen Jørgen Berge
author_sort	Jonathan H Cohen
title	Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.
title_short	Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.
title_full	Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.
title_fullStr	Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.
title_full_unstemmed	Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.
title_sort	photophysiological cycles in arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the polar night.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/062b1b27a61149d98b306048c3169766
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Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night.

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