Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers

Abstract Background Engineered stone silicosis is an emerging disease in many countries worldwide produced by the inhalation of respirable dust of engineered stone. This silicosis has a high incidence among young workers, with a short latency period and greater aggressiveness than silicosis caused b...

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Autores principales:	Antonio León-Jiménez, José M. Mánuel, Marcial García-Rojo, Marina G. Pintado-Herrera, José Antonio López-López, Antonio Hidalgo-Molina, Rafael García, Pedro Muriel-Cueto, Nieves Maira-González, Daniel Del Castillo-Otero, Francisco M. Morales
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Artificial stone Engineered stone Quartz agglomerate Silicosis Silica Aluminum Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare HD7260-7780.8
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/064aaf8137ad4adf85b3d4e2a6f48585
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:064aaf8137ad4adf85b3d4e2a6f485852021-11-28T12:14:20ZCompositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers10.1186/s12989-021-00434-x1743-8977https://doaj.org/article/064aaf8137ad4adf85b3d4e2a6f485852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00434-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1743-8977Abstract Background Engineered stone silicosis is an emerging disease in many countries worldwide produced by the inhalation of respirable dust of engineered stone. This silicosis has a high incidence among young workers, with a short latency period and greater aggressiveness than silicosis caused by natural materials. Although the silica content is very high and this is the key factor, it has been postulated that other constituents in engineered stones can influence the aggressiveness of the disease. Different samples of engineered stone countertops (fabricated by workers during the years prior to their diagnoses), as well as seven lung samples from exposed patients, were analyzed by multiple techniques. Results The different countertops were composed of SiO2 in percentages between 87.9 and 99.6%, with variable relationships of quartz and cristobalite depending on the sample. The most abundant metals were Al, Na, Fe, Ca and Ti. The most frequent volatile organic compounds were styrene, toluene and m-xylene, and among the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene and naphthalene were detected in all samples. Patients were all males, between 26 and 46 years-old (average age: 36) at the moment of the diagnosis. They were exposed to the engineered stone an average time of 14 years. At diagnosis, only one patient had progressive massive fibrosis. After a follow-up period of 8 ± 3 years, four patients presented progressive massive fibrosis. Samples obtained from lung biopsies most frequently showed well or ill-defined nodules, composed of histiocytic cells and fibroblasts without central hyalinization. All tissue samples showed high proportion of Si and Al at the center of the nodules, becoming sparser at the periphery. Al to Si content ratios turned out to be higher than 1 in two of the studied cases. Correlation between Si and Al was very high (r = 0.93). Conclusion Some of the volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals detected in the studied countertop samples have been described as causative of lung inflammation and respiratory disease. Among inorganic constituents, aluminum has been a relevant component within the silicotic nodule, reaching atomic concentrations even higher than silicon in some cases. Such concentrations, both for silicon and aluminum showed a decreasing tendency from the center of the nodule towards its frontier.Antonio León-JiménezJosé M. MánuelMarcial García-RojoMarina G. Pintado-HerreraJosé Antonio López-LópezAntonio Hidalgo-MolinaRafael GarcíaPedro Muriel-CuetoNieves Maira-GonzálezDaniel Del Castillo-OteroFrancisco M. MoralesBMCarticleArtificial stoneEngineered stoneQuartz agglomerateSilicosisSilicaAluminumToxicology. PoisonsRA1190-1270Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfareHD7260-7780.8ENParticle and Fibre Toxicology, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Artificial stone Engineered stone Quartz agglomerate Silicosis Silica Aluminum Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare HD7260-7780.8
spellingShingle	Artificial stone Engineered stone Quartz agglomerate Silicosis Silica Aluminum Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare HD7260-7780.8 Antonio León-Jiménez José M. Mánuel Marcial García-Rojo Marina G. Pintado-Herrera José Antonio López-López Antonio Hidalgo-Molina Rafael García Pedro Muriel-Cueto Nieves Maira-González Daniel Del Castillo-Otero Francisco M. Morales Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers
description	Abstract Background Engineered stone silicosis is an emerging disease in many countries worldwide produced by the inhalation of respirable dust of engineered stone. This silicosis has a high incidence among young workers, with a short latency period and greater aggressiveness than silicosis caused by natural materials. Although the silica content is very high and this is the key factor, it has been postulated that other constituents in engineered stones can influence the aggressiveness of the disease. Different samples of engineered stone countertops (fabricated by workers during the years prior to their diagnoses), as well as seven lung samples from exposed patients, were analyzed by multiple techniques. Results The different countertops were composed of SiO2 in percentages between 87.9 and 99.6%, with variable relationships of quartz and cristobalite depending on the sample. The most abundant metals were Al, Na, Fe, Ca and Ti. The most frequent volatile organic compounds were styrene, toluene and m-xylene, and among the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene and naphthalene were detected in all samples. Patients were all males, between 26 and 46 years-old (average age: 36) at the moment of the diagnosis. They were exposed to the engineered stone an average time of 14 years. At diagnosis, only one patient had progressive massive fibrosis. After a follow-up period of 8 ± 3 years, four patients presented progressive massive fibrosis. Samples obtained from lung biopsies most frequently showed well or ill-defined nodules, composed of histiocytic cells and fibroblasts without central hyalinization. All tissue samples showed high proportion of Si and Al at the center of the nodules, becoming sparser at the periphery. Al to Si content ratios turned out to be higher than 1 in two of the studied cases. Correlation between Si and Al was very high (r = 0.93). Conclusion Some of the volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals detected in the studied countertop samples have been described as causative of lung inflammation and respiratory disease. Among inorganic constituents, aluminum has been a relevant component within the silicotic nodule, reaching atomic concentrations even higher than silicon in some cases. Such concentrations, both for silicon and aluminum showed a decreasing tendency from the center of the nodule towards its frontier.
format	article
author	Antonio León-Jiménez José M. Mánuel Marcial García-Rojo Marina G. Pintado-Herrera José Antonio López-López Antonio Hidalgo-Molina Rafael García Pedro Muriel-Cueto Nieves Maira-González Daniel Del Castillo-Otero Francisco M. Morales
author_facet	Antonio León-Jiménez José M. Mánuel Marcial García-Rojo Marina G. Pintado-Herrera José Antonio López-López Antonio Hidalgo-Molina Rafael García Pedro Muriel-Cueto Nieves Maira-González Daniel Del Castillo-Otero Francisco M. Morales
author_sort	Antonio León-Jiménez
title	Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers
title_short	Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers
title_full	Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers
title_fullStr	Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers
title_full_unstemmed	Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers
title_sort	compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/064aaf8137ad4adf85b3d4e2a6f48585
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Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers

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