Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes

# Background Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios have been identified as modifiable risk factors of hamstring strains. Additionally, those strength and flexibility characteristics are commonly used as clinical tests to monitor progress of athletes with acute or chr...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Takashi Nagai, Nathaniel Bates, April McPherson, Rena Hale, Timothy Hewett, Nathan D. Schilaty
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	North American Sports Medicine Institute 2021
Materias:	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0653144e803b4d2b8524ada3850052c5
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:0653144e803b4d2b8524ada3850052c5
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0653144e803b4d2b8524ada3850052c52021-12-02T15:33:58ZEffects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes2159-2896https://doaj.org/article/0653144e803b4d2b8524ada3850052c52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ijspt.scholasticahq.com/article/27986-effects-of-sex-and-age-on-quadriceps-and-hamstring-strength-and-flexibility-in-high-school-basketball-athletes.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2159-2896# Background Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios have been identified as modifiable risk factors of hamstring strains. Additionally, those strength and flexibility characteristics are commonly used as clinical tests to monitor progress of athletes with acute or chronic hamstring strains. Although hamstring strains are common among basketball athletes, normative values of knee strength and flexibility characteristics are scarce. Normative values for these athletes would be important in prevention and management of hamstring strains. # Purpose To establish quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength and flexibility values among high school basketball athletes and examine the effects of sex and age. # Study Design Cross-sectional research # Methods Isokinetic knee muscular strength (concentric quadriceps \[QuadC], concentric hamstring \[HamC], eccentric hamstring \[HamE], and strength ratios (\[HamC/QuadC and HamE/Quad]), flexibility of hip flexors and quadriceps during a Modified Thomas test, and flexibility of hip extensors and hamstring during passive straight leg raise (SLR) and passive knee extension (PKE) tests were measured. Effects of sex and age were analyzed using t-tests and analysis of variance, respectively with Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests (p≤0.01). # Results A total of 172 high school basketball athletes (64 males/108 females; mean age (range): 15.7 (14-18) years old) participated in the study. Male athletes were significantly stronger than female athletes (QuadC: p<0.001; HamC: p<0.001) while no differences were observed in strength ratio (HamC/QuadC: p=0.759-0.816; HamE/QuadC: p=0.022-0.061). Among male athletes, a significant effect of age on quadriceps and hamstring strength was observed: older male athletes were stronger than younger male athletes. Contrarily, there were no effects of age on strength among female athletes. There were significant sex differences in quadriceps flexibility, SLR, and PKE (female athletes were more flexible; p=0.001-0.005) while no sex differences were found in hip flexor flexibility (p=0.105-0.164). There were no effects of age for any flexibility variables within male and female athletes (p=0.151-0.984). # Conclusion The current results provide normative values for hamstring strength and flexibility in high school basketball athletes. These normative values may further assist sports medicine specialists to develop screening tests, interventions, and return-to-sport criteria in this population. # Level of Evidence 3BTakashi NagaiNathaniel BatesApril McPhersonRena HaleTimothy HewettNathan D. SchilatyNorth American Sports Medicine InstitutearticleSports medicineRC1200-1245ENInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Vol 16, Iss 5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Sports medicine RC1200-1245 Takashi Nagai Nathaniel Bates April McPherson Rena Hale Timothy Hewett Nathan D. Schilaty Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes
description	# Background Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios have been identified as modifiable risk factors of hamstring strains. Additionally, those strength and flexibility characteristics are commonly used as clinical tests to monitor progress of athletes with acute or chronic hamstring strains. Although hamstring strains are common among basketball athletes, normative values of knee strength and flexibility characteristics are scarce. Normative values for these athletes would be important in prevention and management of hamstring strains. # Purpose To establish quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength and flexibility values among high school basketball athletes and examine the effects of sex and age. # Study Design Cross-sectional research # Methods Isokinetic knee muscular strength (concentric quadriceps \[QuadC], concentric hamstring \[HamC], eccentric hamstring \[HamE], and strength ratios (\[HamC/QuadC and HamE/Quad]), flexibility of hip flexors and quadriceps during a Modified Thomas test, and flexibility of hip extensors and hamstring during passive straight leg raise (SLR) and passive knee extension (PKE) tests were measured. Effects of sex and age were analyzed using t-tests and analysis of variance, respectively with Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests (p≤0.01). # Results A total of 172 high school basketball athletes (64 males/108 females; mean age (range): 15.7 (14-18) years old) participated in the study. Male athletes were significantly stronger than female athletes (QuadC: p<0.001; HamC: p<0.001) while no differences were observed in strength ratio (HamC/QuadC: p=0.759-0.816; HamE/QuadC: p=0.022-0.061). Among male athletes, a significant effect of age on quadriceps and hamstring strength was observed: older male athletes were stronger than younger male athletes. Contrarily, there were no effects of age on strength among female athletes. There were significant sex differences in quadriceps flexibility, SLR, and PKE (female athletes were more flexible; p=0.001-0.005) while no sex differences were found in hip flexor flexibility (p=0.105-0.164). There were no effects of age for any flexibility variables within male and female athletes (p=0.151-0.984). # Conclusion The current results provide normative values for hamstring strength and flexibility in high school basketball athletes. These normative values may further assist sports medicine specialists to develop screening tests, interventions, and return-to-sport criteria in this population. # Level of Evidence 3B
format	article
author	Takashi Nagai Nathaniel Bates April McPherson Rena Hale Timothy Hewett Nathan D. Schilaty
author_facet	Takashi Nagai Nathaniel Bates April McPherson Rena Hale Timothy Hewett Nathan D. Schilaty
author_sort	Takashi Nagai
title	Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes
title_short	Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes
title_full	Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes
title_fullStr	Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes
title_sort	effects of sex and age on quadriceps and hamstring strength and flexibility in high school basketball athletes
publisher	North American Sports Medicine Institute
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0653144e803b4d2b8524ada3850052c5
work_keys_str_mv	AT takashinagai effectsofsexandageonquadricepsandhamstringstrengthandflexibilityinhighschoolbasketballathletes AT nathanielbates effectsofsexandageonquadricepsandhamstringstrengthandflexibilityinhighschoolbasketballathletes AT aprilmcpherson effectsofsexandageonquadricepsandhamstringstrengthandflexibilityinhighschoolbasketballathletes AT renahale effectsofsexandageonquadricepsandhamstringstrengthandflexibilityinhighschoolbasketballathletes AT timothyhewett effectsofsexandageonquadricepsandhamstringstrengthandflexibilityinhighschoolbasketballathletes AT nathandschilaty effectsofsexandageonquadricepsandhamstringstrengthandflexibilityinhighschoolbasketballathletes
_version_	1718386942345740288

Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes

Ejemplares similares