New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation

Grapevine, as other woody perennials, has been considered a recalcitrant crop to produce transgenic plants. Since the production of transgenic and/or edited plants requires the ability to regenerate plants from transformed tissues, this step is often the biggest bottleneck in the process. The object...

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Autores principales:	Gabriela Campos, Constanza Chialva, Silvana Miras, Diego Lijavetzky
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	grapevine genetic transformation nanotechnology regeneration transcription factors development regulators Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/065596b826114ece812e211b28bdbaaa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:065596b826114ece812e211b28bdbaaa2021-12-01T00:33:43ZNew Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.767522https://doaj.org/article/065596b826114ece812e211b28bdbaaa2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.767522/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XGrapevine, as other woody perennials, has been considered a recalcitrant crop to produce transgenic plants. Since the production of transgenic and/or edited plants requires the ability to regenerate plants from transformed tissues, this step is often the biggest bottleneck in the process. The objective of this work is to review the state of the art technologies and strategies for the improvement of grapevine transformation and regeneration, focusing on three aspects: (i) problems associated with grapevine transformation; (ii) genes that promote grapevine regeneration; and (iii) vehicles for gene delivery. Concerning the first aspect, it is well documented that one of the main factors explaining the low success rate in obtaining transgenic plants is the regeneration process. After transgenic integration into receptor cells, tissue culture is required to regenerate transgenic seedlings from transformed cells. This process is time consuming and often requires the addition of environmentally damaging reagents (antibiotics and herbicides) to the culture medium to select transgenic plants. On the other hand, the expression of genes such as the so-called developmental regulators (DR), which induce specific development programs, can be used to avoid traditional tissue culture methods. The ectopic expression of specific combinations of DR in somatic cells has the potential to induce de novo meristems in diverse crops, including grapevine. Successful genome editing by de novo reprogramming of plant meristems in somatic tissues has been reported. Moreover, it has been shown that the expression of certain transcription factors can increase the regeneration efficiency in wheat, citrus, and rice. Finally, recent reports showed the use of nanoparticles, such as carbon dots (CDs), as an attractive alternative to Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated plant genetic transformation. In this way, the use of antibiotics in culture media is avoided, overcoming the loss of viability of plant tissues and accelerating the regeneration processes. It has been shown that CDs can act as a vehicle to transport plasmids to plant cells in transient transformation in several crops without negative impacts on photosynthesis or growth. Based on these advances, it is possible to combine these new available strategies and technologies to overcome the regeneration problems of species such as grapevine and other crops considered as recalcitrant.Gabriela CamposConstanza ChialvaSilvana MirasDiego LijavetzkyFrontiers Media S.A.articlegrapevinegenetic transformationnanotechnologyregenerationtranscription factorsdevelopment regulatorsPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	grapevine genetic transformation nanotechnology regeneration transcription factors development regulators Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	grapevine genetic transformation nanotechnology regeneration transcription factors development regulators Plant culture SB1-1110 Gabriela Campos Constanza Chialva Silvana Miras Diego Lijavetzky New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation
description	Grapevine, as other woody perennials, has been considered a recalcitrant crop to produce transgenic plants. Since the production of transgenic and/or edited plants requires the ability to regenerate plants from transformed tissues, this step is often the biggest bottleneck in the process. The objective of this work is to review the state of the art technologies and strategies for the improvement of grapevine transformation and regeneration, focusing on three aspects: (i) problems associated with grapevine transformation; (ii) genes that promote grapevine regeneration; and (iii) vehicles for gene delivery. Concerning the first aspect, it is well documented that one of the main factors explaining the low success rate in obtaining transgenic plants is the regeneration process. After transgenic integration into receptor cells, tissue culture is required to regenerate transgenic seedlings from transformed cells. This process is time consuming and often requires the addition of environmentally damaging reagents (antibiotics and herbicides) to the culture medium to select transgenic plants. On the other hand, the expression of genes such as the so-called developmental regulators (DR), which induce specific development programs, can be used to avoid traditional tissue culture methods. The ectopic expression of specific combinations of DR in somatic cells has the potential to induce de novo meristems in diverse crops, including grapevine. Successful genome editing by de novo reprogramming of plant meristems in somatic tissues has been reported. Moreover, it has been shown that the expression of certain transcription factors can increase the regeneration efficiency in wheat, citrus, and rice. Finally, recent reports showed the use of nanoparticles, such as carbon dots (CDs), as an attractive alternative to Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated plant genetic transformation. In this way, the use of antibiotics in culture media is avoided, overcoming the loss of viability of plant tissues and accelerating the regeneration processes. It has been shown that CDs can act as a vehicle to transport plasmids to plant cells in transient transformation in several crops without negative impacts on photosynthesis or growth. Based on these advances, it is possible to combine these new available strategies and technologies to overcome the regeneration problems of species such as grapevine and other crops considered as recalcitrant.
format	article
author	Gabriela Campos Constanza Chialva Silvana Miras Diego Lijavetzky
author_facet	Gabriela Campos Constanza Chialva Silvana Miras Diego Lijavetzky
author_sort	Gabriela Campos
title	New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation
title_short	New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation
title_full	New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation
title_fullStr	New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation
title_full_unstemmed	New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation
title_sort	new technologies and strategies for grapevine breeding through genetic transformation
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/065596b826114ece812e211b28bdbaaa
work_keys_str_mv	AT gabrielacampos newtechnologiesandstrategiesforgrapevinebreedingthroughgenetictransformation AT constanzachialva newtechnologiesandstrategiesforgrapevinebreedingthroughgenetictransformation AT silvanamiras newtechnologiesandstrategiesforgrapevinebreedingthroughgenetictransformation AT diegolijavetzky newtechnologiesandstrategiesforgrapevinebreedingthroughgenetictransformation
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New Technologies and Strategies for Grapevine Breeding Through Genetic Transformation

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