Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow

Abstract When granular materials flow, the constituent particles segregate by size and align by shape. The impacts of these changes in fabric on the flow itself are not well understood, and thus novel non-invasive means are needed to observe the interior of the material. Here, we propose a new exper...

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Autores principales:	François Guillard, Benjy Marks, Itai Einav
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0662b478ad794cb3b2cb12df41fffdec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0662b478ad794cb3b2cb12df41fffdec2021-12-02T11:52:28ZDynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow10.1038/s41598-017-08573-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0662b478ad794cb3b2cb12df41fffdec2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08573-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract When granular materials flow, the constituent particles segregate by size and align by shape. The impacts of these changes in fabric on the flow itself are not well understood, and thus novel non-invasive means are needed to observe the interior of the material. Here, we propose a new experimental technique using dynamic X-ray radiography to make such measurements possible. The technique is based on Fourier transformation to extract spatiotemporal fields of internal particle size and shape orientation distributions during flow, in addition to complementary measurements of velocity fields through image correlation. We show X-ray radiography captures the bulk flow properties, in contrast to optical methods which typically measure flow within boundary layers, as these are adjacent to any walls. Our results reveal the rich dynamic alignment of particles with respect to streamlines in the bulk during silo discharge, the understanding of which is critical to preventing destructive instabilities and undesirable clogging. The ideas developed in this paper are directly applicable to many other open questions in granular and soft matter systems, such as the evolution of size and shape distributions in foams and biological materials.François GuillardBenjy MarksItai EinavNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q François Guillard Benjy Marks Itai Einav Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
description	Abstract When granular materials flow, the constituent particles segregate by size and align by shape. The impacts of these changes in fabric on the flow itself are not well understood, and thus novel non-invasive means are needed to observe the interior of the material. Here, we propose a new experimental technique using dynamic X-ray radiography to make such measurements possible. The technique is based on Fourier transformation to extract spatiotemporal fields of internal particle size and shape orientation distributions during flow, in addition to complementary measurements of velocity fields through image correlation. We show X-ray radiography captures the bulk flow properties, in contrast to optical methods which typically measure flow within boundary layers, as these are adjacent to any walls. Our results reveal the rich dynamic alignment of particles with respect to streamlines in the bulk during silo discharge, the understanding of which is critical to preventing destructive instabilities and undesirable clogging. The ideas developed in this paper are directly applicable to many other open questions in granular and soft matter systems, such as the evolution of size and shape distributions in foams and biological materials.
format	article
author	François Guillard Benjy Marks Itai Einav
author_facet	François Guillard Benjy Marks Itai Einav
author_sort	François Guillard
title	Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
title_short	Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
title_full	Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
title_fullStr	Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
title_sort	dynamic x-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/0662b478ad794cb3b2cb12df41fffdec
work_keys_str_mv	AT francoisguillard dynamicxrayradiographyrevealsparticlesizeandshapeorientationfieldsduringgranularflow AT benjymarks dynamicxrayradiographyrevealsparticlesizeandshapeorientationfieldsduringgranularflow AT itaieinav dynamicxrayradiographyrevealsparticlesizeandshapeorientationfieldsduringgranularflow
_version_	1718395026288934912

Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow

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