Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a globally disseminated Gram-negative marine bacterium and the leading cause of seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis. Pathogenic bacterial isolates encode two type III secretion systems (T3SS), with the second system (T3SS2) considered the main virulence factor in...

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Autores principales:	Marcela de Souza Santos, Kim Orth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/067e75d8efd44009883bd76f1972d512
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:067e75d8efd44009883bd76f1972d5122021-11-15T15:45:55ZIntracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells10.1128/mBio.01506-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/067e75d8efd44009883bd76f1972d5122014-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01506-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a globally disseminated Gram-negative marine bacterium and the leading cause of seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis. Pathogenic bacterial isolates encode two type III secretion systems (T3SS), with the second system (T3SS2) considered the main virulence factor in mammalian hosts. For many decades, V. parahaemolyticus has been studied as an exclusively extracellular bacterium. However, the recent characterization of the T3SS2 effector protein VopC has suggested that this pathogen has the ability to invade, survive, and replicate within epithelial cells. Herein, we characterize this intracellular lifestyle in detail. We show that following internalization, V. parahaemolyticus is contained in vacuoles that develop into early endosomes, which subsequently mature into late endosomes. V. parahaemolyticus then escapes into the cytoplasm prior to vacuolar fusion with lysosomes. Vacuolar acidification is an important trigger for this escape. The cytoplasm serves as the pathogen’s primary intracellular replicative niche; cytosolic replication is rapid and robust, with cells often containing over 150 bacteria by the time of cell lysis. These results show how V. parahaemolyticus successfully establishes an intracellular lifestyle that could contribute to its survival and dissemination during infection. IMPORTANCE The marine bacterium V. parahaemolyticus is the leading cause worldwide of seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis. For decades, the pathogen has been studied exclusively as an extracellular bacterium. However, recent results have revealed the pathogen’s ability to invade and replicate within host cells. The present study is the first characterization of the V. parahaemolyticus’ intracellular lifestyle. Upon internalization, V. parahaemolyticus is contained in a vacuole that would in the normal course of events ultimately fuse with a lysosome, degrading the vacuole’s contents. The bacterium subverts this pathway, escaping into the cytoplasm prior to lysosomal fusion. Once in the cytoplasm, it replicates prolifically. Our study provides new insights into the strategies used by this globally disseminated pathogen to survive and proliferate within its host.Marcela de Souza SantosKim OrthAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 5 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Marcela de Souza Santos Kim Orth Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells
description	ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a globally disseminated Gram-negative marine bacterium and the leading cause of seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis. Pathogenic bacterial isolates encode two type III secretion systems (T3SS), with the second system (T3SS2) considered the main virulence factor in mammalian hosts. For many decades, V. parahaemolyticus has been studied as an exclusively extracellular bacterium. However, the recent characterization of the T3SS2 effector protein VopC has suggested that this pathogen has the ability to invade, survive, and replicate within epithelial cells. Herein, we characterize this intracellular lifestyle in detail. We show that following internalization, V. parahaemolyticus is contained in vacuoles that develop into early endosomes, which subsequently mature into late endosomes. V. parahaemolyticus then escapes into the cytoplasm prior to vacuolar fusion with lysosomes. Vacuolar acidification is an important trigger for this escape. The cytoplasm serves as the pathogen’s primary intracellular replicative niche; cytosolic replication is rapid and robust, with cells often containing over 150 bacteria by the time of cell lysis. These results show how V. parahaemolyticus successfully establishes an intracellular lifestyle that could contribute to its survival and dissemination during infection. IMPORTANCE The marine bacterium V. parahaemolyticus is the leading cause worldwide of seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis. For decades, the pathogen has been studied exclusively as an extracellular bacterium. However, recent results have revealed the pathogen’s ability to invade and replicate within host cells. The present study is the first characterization of the V. parahaemolyticus’ intracellular lifestyle. Upon internalization, V. parahaemolyticus is contained in a vacuole that would in the normal course of events ultimately fuse with a lysosome, degrading the vacuole’s contents. The bacterium subverts this pathway, escaping into the cytoplasm prior to lysosomal fusion. Once in the cytoplasm, it replicates prolifically. Our study provides new insights into the strategies used by this globally disseminated pathogen to survive and proliferate within its host.
format	article
author	Marcela de Souza Santos Kim Orth
author_facet	Marcela de Souza Santos Kim Orth
author_sort	Marcela de Souza Santos
title	Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells
title_short	Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells
title_full	Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells
title_fullStr	Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells
title_sort	intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> escapes the vacuole and establishes a replicative niche in the cytosol of epithelial cells
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/067e75d8efd44009883bd76f1972d512
work_keys_str_mv	AT marceladesouzasantos intracellularnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciesvibrioparahaemolyticusnamedcontentescapesthevacuoleandestablishesareplicativenicheinthecytosolofepithelialcells AT kimorth intracellularnamedcontentcontenttypegenusspeciesvibrioparahaemolyticusnamedcontentescapesthevacuoleandestablishesareplicativenicheinthecytosolofepithelialcells
_version_	1718427500778881024

Intracellular <named-content content-type="genus-species">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</named-content> Escapes the Vacuole and Establishes a Replicative Niche in the Cytosol of Epithelial Cells

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