Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review

Anti-<i>N</i>-methyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune illness characterized by a constellation of often severe, but treatable, psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Whereas symptoms s...

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Autores principales:	Samuela Tarantino, Roberto Averna, Claudia Ruscitto, Fabiana Ursitti, Michela Ada Noris Ferilli, Romina Moavero, Laura Papetti, Martina Proietti Checchi, Giorgia Sforza, Martina Balestri, Teresa Grimaldi Capitello, Federico Vigevano, Stefano Vicari, Massimiliano Valeriani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	anti-NMDAR children adolescents neuropsychology adaptive behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/06c86c77b7d643a6aa33e8fe3af29a29
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:06c86c77b7d643a6aa33e8fe3af29a292021-11-25T16:56:18ZNeuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review10.3390/brainsci111113872076-3425https://doaj.org/article/06c86c77b7d643a6aa33e8fe3af29a292021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1387https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Anti-<i>N</i>-methyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune illness characterized by a constellation of often severe, but treatable, psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Whereas symptoms such as psychosis and bizarre and abnormal motor behavior are common in adults, pediatric patients typically present with behavioral changes, irritability and sleep dysfunction. The recovery phase is usually slow and may be associated with longstanding adaptive, behavioral and neuropsychological problems. Very few studies explored the cognitive and adaptive sequelae in children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The present review article suggests that, although most children and adolescents return to their daily life and previous activities, they may have a low quality of life and show neuropsychological sequelae involving language, memory, especially verbal memory, and attentional resources, even after several months from the hospital discharge. In particular, the available results reveal difficulties in cognitive skills involving executive functions. This impairment is considered the “core” of the cognitive profile of young patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. On the other hand, some cognitive skills, such as general intelligence, show good overall recovery over time. Additional neuropsychological research evaluating larger samples, more homogenous methods and longitudinal studies is required.Samuela TarantinoRoberto AvernaClaudia RuscittoFabiana UrsittiMichela Ada Noris FerilliRomina MoaveroLaura PapettiMartina Proietti ChecchiGiorgia SforzaMartina BalestriTeresa Grimaldi CapitelloFederico VigevanoStefano VicariMassimiliano ValerianiMDPI AGarticleanti-NMDARchildrenadolescentsneuropsychologyadaptive behaviorNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1387, p 1387 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anti-NMDAR children adolescents neuropsychology adaptive behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	anti-NMDAR children adolescents neuropsychology adaptive behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Samuela Tarantino Roberto Averna Claudia Ruscitto Fabiana Ursitti Michela Ada Noris Ferilli Romina Moavero Laura Papetti Martina Proietti Checchi Giorgia Sforza Martina Balestri Teresa Grimaldi Capitello Federico Vigevano Stefano Vicari Massimiliano Valeriani Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review
description	Anti-<i>N</i>-methyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune illness characterized by a constellation of often severe, but treatable, psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Whereas symptoms such as psychosis and bizarre and abnormal motor behavior are common in adults, pediatric patients typically present with behavioral changes, irritability and sleep dysfunction. The recovery phase is usually slow and may be associated with longstanding adaptive, behavioral and neuropsychological problems. Very few studies explored the cognitive and adaptive sequelae in children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The present review article suggests that, although most children and adolescents return to their daily life and previous activities, they may have a low quality of life and show neuropsychological sequelae involving language, memory, especially verbal memory, and attentional resources, even after several months from the hospital discharge. In particular, the available results reveal difficulties in cognitive skills involving executive functions. This impairment is considered the “core” of the cognitive profile of young patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. On the other hand, some cognitive skills, such as general intelligence, show good overall recovery over time. Additional neuropsychological research evaluating larger samples, more homogenous methods and longitudinal studies is required.
format	article
author	Samuela Tarantino Roberto Averna Claudia Ruscitto Fabiana Ursitti Michela Ada Noris Ferilli Romina Moavero Laura Papetti Martina Proietti Checchi Giorgia Sforza Martina Balestri Teresa Grimaldi Capitello Federico Vigevano Stefano Vicari Massimiliano Valeriani
author_facet	Samuela Tarantino Roberto Averna Claudia Ruscitto Fabiana Ursitti Michela Ada Noris Ferilli Romina Moavero Laura Papetti Martina Proietti Checchi Giorgia Sforza Martina Balestri Teresa Grimaldi Capitello Federico Vigevano Stefano Vicari Massimiliano Valeriani
author_sort	Samuela Tarantino
title	Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review
title_short	Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review
title_full	Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr	Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed	Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review
title_sort	neuropsychological sequelae, quality of life and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with anti-nmdar encephalitis: a narrative review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/06c86c77b7d643a6aa33e8fe3af29a29
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Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review

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