Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices

To investigate passive vaping due to sub-ohm electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), aerosol number size distribution measurements (6 nm–10 µm) were performed during volunteer-vaping sessions. E-liquids, with vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), with a VG/PG ratio of 50/50 (with nicotine) and...

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Autores principales:	Maurizio Manigrasso, Carmela Protano, Matteo Vitali, Pasquale Avino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electronic cigarette sub-ohm aerosol passive vaping exposure atomizer geometry size number distribution Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/06ca339377314d979cad8cd1b427193f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:06ca339377314d979cad8cd1b427193f2021-11-11T16:42:54ZPassive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices10.3390/ijerph1821116061660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/06ca339377314d979cad8cd1b427193f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11606https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601To investigate passive vaping due to sub-ohm electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), aerosol number size distribution measurements (6 nm–10 µm) were performed during volunteer-vaping sessions. E-liquids, with vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), with a VG/PG ratio of 50/50 (with nicotine) and 80/20 (without nicotine), were vaped with a double-coil, single aerosol exit hole at 25–80 W electric power, corresponding to 130–365 kW m<sup>−2</sup> heat fluxes and with an octa-coil, four aerosol exit holes atomizers, at 50–150 W electric power, corresponding to 133–398 kW m<sup>−2</sup> heat fluxes. At the lowest heat flux, lower particle number concentrations (N<sub>Tot</sub>) were observed for the nicotine-liquid than for the nicotine-free liquid, also due to its higher content of PG, more volatile than VG. For the octa-coil atomizer, at 265 and 398 kW m<sup>−2</sup>, N<sub>Tot</sub> decreased below the first-generation e-cig, whereas volume concentrations greatly increased, due to the formation of super micron droplets. Higher volume concentrations were observed for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid, because of VG vaporization and of its decomposition products, greater than for PG. For the double coil atomizer, increasing the electric power from 40 W (208 kW m<sup>−2</sup>) to 80 W (365 kW m<sup>−2</sup>) possibly led to a critical heat flow condition, causing a reduction of the number concentrations for the VG/PG 50/50 liquid, an increase for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid and a decrease of the volume concentrations for both of them. Coherently, the main mode was at about 0.1 µm on both metrics for both liquids. For the other tests, two main modes (1 and 2 µm) were observed in the volume size distributions, the latter becoming wider at 100 and 150 W (265 and 398 kW m<sup>−2</sup>), suggesting the increased emission of light condensable decomposition products. The lower aerosol emissions observed at 150 W than at 100 W suggest the formation of gas-phase decomposition products. The observation of low-count high-volume aerosols addresses the relevance of the volume metric upon measuring the second-hand concentration of the aerosols released by sub-ohm e-cigarettes.Maurizio ManigrassoCarmela ProtanoMatteo VitaliPasquale AvinoMDPI AGarticleelectronic cigarettesub-ohmaerosolpassive vaping exposureatomizer geometrysize number distributionMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11606, p 11606 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electronic cigarette sub-ohm aerosol passive vaping exposure atomizer geometry size number distribution Medicine R
spellingShingle	electronic cigarette sub-ohm aerosol passive vaping exposure atomizer geometry size number distribution Medicine R Maurizio Manigrasso Carmela Protano Matteo Vitali Pasquale Avino Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices
description	To investigate passive vaping due to sub-ohm electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), aerosol number size distribution measurements (6 nm–10 µm) were performed during volunteer-vaping sessions. E-liquids, with vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), with a VG/PG ratio of 50/50 (with nicotine) and 80/20 (without nicotine), were vaped with a double-coil, single aerosol exit hole at 25–80 W electric power, corresponding to 130–365 kW m<sup>−2</sup> heat fluxes and with an octa-coil, four aerosol exit holes atomizers, at 50–150 W electric power, corresponding to 133–398 kW m<sup>−2</sup> heat fluxes. At the lowest heat flux, lower particle number concentrations (N<sub>Tot</sub>) were observed for the nicotine-liquid than for the nicotine-free liquid, also due to its higher content of PG, more volatile than VG. For the octa-coil atomizer, at 265 and 398 kW m<sup>−2</sup>, N<sub>Tot</sub> decreased below the first-generation e-cig, whereas volume concentrations greatly increased, due to the formation of super micron droplets. Higher volume concentrations were observed for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid, because of VG vaporization and of its decomposition products, greater than for PG. For the double coil atomizer, increasing the electric power from 40 W (208 kW m<sup>−2</sup>) to 80 W (365 kW m<sup>−2</sup>) possibly led to a critical heat flow condition, causing a reduction of the number concentrations for the VG/PG 50/50 liquid, an increase for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid and a decrease of the volume concentrations for both of them. Coherently, the main mode was at about 0.1 µm on both metrics for both liquids. For the other tests, two main modes (1 and 2 µm) were observed in the volume size distributions, the latter becoming wider at 100 and 150 W (265 and 398 kW m<sup>−2</sup>), suggesting the increased emission of light condensable decomposition products. The lower aerosol emissions observed at 150 W than at 100 W suggest the formation of gas-phase decomposition products. The observation of low-count high-volume aerosols addresses the relevance of the volume metric upon measuring the second-hand concentration of the aerosols released by sub-ohm e-cigarettes.
format	article
author	Maurizio Manigrasso Carmela Protano Matteo Vitali Pasquale Avino
author_facet	Maurizio Manigrasso Carmela Protano Matteo Vitali Pasquale Avino
author_sort	Maurizio Manigrasso
title	Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices
title_short	Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices
title_full	Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices
title_fullStr	Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices
title_full_unstemmed	Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices
title_sort	passive vaping from sub-ohm electronic cigarette devices
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/06ca339377314d979cad8cd1b427193f
work_keys_str_mv	AT mauriziomanigrasso passivevapingfromsubohmelectroniccigarettedevices AT carmelaprotano passivevapingfromsubohmelectroniccigarettedevices AT matteovitali passivevapingfromsubohmelectroniccigarettedevices AT pasqualeavino passivevapingfromsubohmelectroniccigarettedevices
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Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices

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