Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is alternative treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and phenolthiazine dyes such as Toluidine Blue O (TBO) have the potential role in PDT and notably affect parasites inactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT by using TBO and a...

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Autores principales:	Mehdi Najm, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Alireza Badirzadeh, Elham Razmjou, Maryam Alipour, Majid Khoshmirsafa, Abbas Bahador, Ramtin Hadighi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2021
Materias:	Leishmania major In vitro Photodynamic therapy (PDT) Toluidine blue O (TBO) Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/06d97995f15745008c517801d83c537e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:06d97995f15745008c517801d83c537e2021-12-02T18:22:08ZPhotodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major10.18502/ijph.v50i10.75142251-60852251-6093https://doaj.org/article/06d97995f15745008c517801d83c537e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20768https://doaj.org/toc/2251-6085https://doaj.org/toc/2251-6093 Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is alternative treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and phenolthiazine dyes such as Toluidine Blue O (TBO) have the potential role in PDT and notably affect parasites inactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT by using TBO and a light-emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of zoonotic CL (ZCL). Methods: The study was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018-2020. Different concentration (7.8 µg/ mL up to 500 µg/ mL) of TBO as a photosensitizer and a 630 nm LED light as a source of light were used for antileishmanial activity against both forms of Leishmania major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Effective concentration (EC50) and cell cytotoxicity (CC50) were calculated in both infected and non-infected J774.A1 macrophages, respectively. As well as inhibitory concentration (IC50) was quantified in L. major promastigotes for 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after incubation using a MTT colorimetric assay. Results: TBO dye in combination with the PDT significantly decreases the L. major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes viability when compared with TBO alone. Both TBO dye in combination with the PDT and TBO alone had no toxic effects on the mice macrophages; however, it significantly killed the entered parasites inside the cells. Our results in the current study established satisfactory findings in clearing intracellular L. major parasites in in-vitro conditions. Conclusion: TBO dye in combination with the PDT can be considered as a harmless, effective and importantly perfect treatment against L. major, causative agent of ZCL, in an in-vitro situation without any negative toxicity to the mice macrophages. Mehdi NajmMaryam PourhajibagherAlireza BadirzadehElham RazmjouMaryam AlipourMajid KhoshmirsafaAbbas BahadorRamtin HadighiTehran University of Medical SciencesarticleLeishmania majorIn vitroPhotodynamic therapy (PDT)Toluidine blue O (TBO)Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENIranian Journal of Public Health, Vol 50, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Leishmania major In vitro Photodynamic therapy (PDT) Toluidine blue O (TBO) Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Leishmania major In vitro Photodynamic therapy (PDT) Toluidine blue O (TBO) Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Mehdi Najm Maryam Pourhajibagher Alireza Badirzadeh Elham Razmjou Maryam Alipour Majid Khoshmirsafa Abbas Bahador Ramtin Hadighi Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major
description	Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is alternative treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and phenolthiazine dyes such as Toluidine Blue O (TBO) have the potential role in PDT and notably affect parasites inactivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT by using TBO and a light-emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of zoonotic CL (ZCL). Methods: The study was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018-2020. Different concentration (7.8 µg/ mL up to 500 µg/ mL) of TBO as a photosensitizer and a 630 nm LED light as a source of light were used for antileishmanial activity against both forms of Leishmania major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Effective concentration (EC50) and cell cytotoxicity (CC50) were calculated in both infected and non-infected J774.A1 macrophages, respectively. As well as inhibitory concentration (IC50) was quantified in L. major promastigotes for 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after incubation using a MTT colorimetric assay. Results: TBO dye in combination with the PDT significantly decreases the L. major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes viability when compared with TBO alone. Both TBO dye in combination with the PDT and TBO alone had no toxic effects on the mice macrophages; however, it significantly killed the entered parasites inside the cells. Our results in the current study established satisfactory findings in clearing intracellular L. major parasites in in-vitro conditions. Conclusion: TBO dye in combination with the PDT can be considered as a harmless, effective and importantly perfect treatment against L. major, causative agent of ZCL, in an in-vitro situation without any negative toxicity to the mice macrophages.
format	article
author	Mehdi Najm Maryam Pourhajibagher Alireza Badirzadeh Elham Razmjou Maryam Alipour Majid Khoshmirsafa Abbas Bahador Ramtin Hadighi
author_facet	Mehdi Najm Maryam Pourhajibagher Alireza Badirzadeh Elham Razmjou Maryam Alipour Majid Khoshmirsafa Abbas Bahador Ramtin Hadighi
author_sort	Mehdi Najm
title	Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major
title_short	Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major
title_full	Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major
title_fullStr	Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major
title_full_unstemmed	Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major
title_sort	photodynamic therapy using toluidine blue o (tbo) dye as a photosensitizer against leishmania major
publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/06d97995f15745008c517801d83c537e
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Photodynamic Therapy Using Toluidine Blue O (TBO) Dye as a Photosensitizer against Leishmania major

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