Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem

Abstract In this article, several versatile electromagnetic (EM) waves are presented with predefined shapes and directions based on the holography and convolution theorem. Inspiring the holography theory, a reflective interferogram is characterized by interfering the near field distributions of the...

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Autores principales:	Majid Karimipour, Nader Komjani, Iman Aryanian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/07045fa8f5ca465fb25c00d82bc40f30
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:07045fa8f5ca465fb25c00d82bc40f302021-12-02T15:09:37ZShaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem10.1038/s41598-019-48301-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/07045fa8f5ca465fb25c00d82bc40f302019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48301-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In this article, several versatile electromagnetic (EM) waves are presented with predefined shapes and directions based on the holography and convolution theorem. Inspiring the holography theory, a reflective interferogram is characterized by interfering the near field distributions of the object and reference waves. In this regard, the interference pattern on the hologram could be viewed as the inverse Fourier transform of the object and reference waves. Therefore, the capability of steering the EM shaped beam is realized using the convolution theorem (as an interesting property of the Fourier transform), which makes a link between the hologram impedance-pattern and far-field pattern domains. The main advantage of incorporating the holography concept and convolution theorem is realizing arbitrary shaped-beam EM waves with the possibility of flexible manipulation of the beam directions without employing any optimization algorithm and mathematical computation. It is demonstrated that the method could implement a combination of simple beams (such as collimated beams) and complex beams (such as cosecant squared, flat top, isoflux beams, etc.) with each beam possessing arbitrary direction by the same design topology. To experimentally verify the concept, a prototype of the hologram with three separate beams including two tilted cosecant squared shaped beam and one broadside pencil beam is fabricated and measured. The measured results show a significant agreement between theoretical findings.Majid KarimipourNader KomjaniIman AryanianNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Majid Karimipour Nader Komjani Iman Aryanian Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem
description	Abstract In this article, several versatile electromagnetic (EM) waves are presented with predefined shapes and directions based on the holography and convolution theorem. Inspiring the holography theory, a reflective interferogram is characterized by interfering the near field distributions of the object and reference waves. In this regard, the interference pattern on the hologram could be viewed as the inverse Fourier transform of the object and reference waves. Therefore, the capability of steering the EM shaped beam is realized using the convolution theorem (as an interesting property of the Fourier transform), which makes a link between the hologram impedance-pattern and far-field pattern domains. The main advantage of incorporating the holography concept and convolution theorem is realizing arbitrary shaped-beam EM waves with the possibility of flexible manipulation of the beam directions without employing any optimization algorithm and mathematical computation. It is demonstrated that the method could implement a combination of simple beams (such as collimated beams) and complex beams (such as cosecant squared, flat top, isoflux beams, etc.) with each beam possessing arbitrary direction by the same design topology. To experimentally verify the concept, a prototype of the hologram with three separate beams including two tilted cosecant squared shaped beam and one broadside pencil beam is fabricated and measured. The measured results show a significant agreement between theoretical findings.
format	article
author	Majid Karimipour Nader Komjani Iman Aryanian
author_facet	Majid Karimipour Nader Komjani Iman Aryanian
author_sort	Majid Karimipour
title	Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem
title_short	Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem
title_full	Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem
title_fullStr	Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem
title_full_unstemmed	Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem
title_sort	shaping electromagnetic waves with flexible and continuous control of the beam directions using holography and convolution theorem
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/07045fa8f5ca465fb25c00d82bc40f30
work_keys_str_mv	AT majidkarimipour shapingelectromagneticwaveswithflexibleandcontinuouscontrolofthebeamdirectionsusingholographyandconvolutiontheorem AT naderkomjani shapingelectromagneticwaveswithflexibleandcontinuouscontrolofthebeamdirectionsusingholographyandconvolutiontheorem AT imanaryanian shapingelectromagneticwaveswithflexibleandcontinuouscontrolofthebeamdirectionsusingholographyandconvolutiontheorem
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Shaping Electromagnetic Waves with Flexible and Continuous Control of the Beam Directions Using Holography and Convolution Theorem

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