Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

Occupational enrichment (OE) is directed at introducing variations in the tank water so that fish can exercise as they do in the wild. Two trials were carried out to test the effects of randomly fired underwater currents (RFC) on rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) maintained in t...

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Autores principales:	Morris Villarroel, Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama, Rubén Bermejo-Poza, Concepción Pérez, Elisabet González-de Chávarri, Fernando Torrent, Jesús De la Fuente
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	trout welfare environmental enrichment occupational enrichment underwater currents fish stress Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/070b00b7d28e4a4e9baaa68c18120688
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:070b00b7d28e4a4e9baaa68c181206882021-11-11T19:56:00ZEffects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)10.3390/w132130572073-4441https://doaj.org/article/070b00b7d28e4a4e9baaa68c181206882021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3057https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Occupational enrichment (OE) is directed at introducing variations in the tank water so that fish can exercise as they do in the wild. Two trials were carried out to test the effects of randomly fired underwater currents (RFC) on rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) maintained in tanks in a recirculation system, using 1226 trout distributed in two independent trials. In Trial 1, fingerling trout (n = 6 tanks, n = 40 fish per tank) were classified into two groups based on low (13%) or high (30%) coefficient of variation in live weight (CV), and exposed to RFC or no currents (controls). In Trial 2, adult trout (n = 12 tanks, n = 20 fish per tank) were either exposed to RFC or to a constant current (controls) from two submerged pumps. Both trials lasted four weeks. No significant differences in growth were observed between treatments in either trial. In Trial 1, RFC fish maintained a similar CV throughout the trial, while CV decreased in controls. Also, in Trial 1, plasma cortisol levels were higher and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels lower in tanks with a low initial CV. In Trial 2, the CV was lower in RFC trout, where cortisol levels were also significantly lower and triglycerides significantly higher. The results suggest that OE using RFC can have positive effects by helping to reduce stress levels, and provides fish with biologically meaningful environmental enrichment related to the natural history of the species.Morris VillarroelGenaro C. Miranda-de la LamaRubén Bermejo-PozaConcepción PérezElisabet González-de ChávarriFernando TorrentJesús De la FuenteMDPI AGarticletrout welfareenvironmental enrichmentoccupational enrichmentunderwater currentsfish stressHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3057, p 3057 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	trout welfare environmental enrichment occupational enrichment underwater currents fish stress Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	trout welfare environmental enrichment occupational enrichment underwater currents fish stress Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Morris Villarroel Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama Rubén Bermejo-Poza Concepción Pérez Elisabet González-de Chávarri Fernando Torrent Jesús De la Fuente Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
description	Occupational enrichment (OE) is directed at introducing variations in the tank water so that fish can exercise as they do in the wild. Two trials were carried out to test the effects of randomly fired underwater currents (RFC) on rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) maintained in tanks in a recirculation system, using 1226 trout distributed in two independent trials. In Trial 1, fingerling trout (n = 6 tanks, n = 40 fish per tank) were classified into two groups based on low (13%) or high (30%) coefficient of variation in live weight (CV), and exposed to RFC or no currents (controls). In Trial 2, adult trout (n = 12 tanks, n = 20 fish per tank) were either exposed to RFC or to a constant current (controls) from two submerged pumps. Both trials lasted four weeks. No significant differences in growth were observed between treatments in either trial. In Trial 1, RFC fish maintained a similar CV throughout the trial, while CV decreased in controls. Also, in Trial 1, plasma cortisol levels were higher and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels lower in tanks with a low initial CV. In Trial 2, the CV was lower in RFC trout, where cortisol levels were also significantly lower and triglycerides significantly higher. The results suggest that OE using RFC can have positive effects by helping to reduce stress levels, and provides fish with biologically meaningful environmental enrichment related to the natural history of the species.
format	article
author	Morris Villarroel Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama Rubén Bermejo-Poza Concepción Pérez Elisabet González-de Chávarri Fernando Torrent Jesús De la Fuente
author_facet	Morris Villarroel Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama Rubén Bermejo-Poza Concepción Pérez Elisabet González-de Chávarri Fernando Torrent Jesús De la Fuente
author_sort	Morris Villarroel
title	Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
title_short	Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
title_full	Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
title_fullStr	Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
title_sort	effects of randomly fired underwater currents as an occupational enrichment program in rainbow trout (<i>oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/070b00b7d28e4a4e9baaa68c18120688
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Effects of Randomly Fired Underwater Currents as an Occupational Enrichment Program in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

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