Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.

Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, a devastating problem worldwide. This fungus has caused breakdown of resistance conferred by newly developed commercial cultivars. To address how the rice blast fungus adapts itself to new resistance genes so quickly, we examined chromoso...

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Autores principales:	Izumi Chuma, Chihiro Isobe, Yuma Hotta, Kana Ibaragi, Natsuru Futamata, Motoaki Kusaba, Kentaro Yoshida, Ryohei Terauchi, Yoshikatsu Fujita, Hitoshi Nakayashiki, Barbara Valent, Yukio Tosa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0717ae1ebf5947c39e95074a6889925e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0717ae1ebf5947c39e95074a6889925e2021-11-18T06:03:10ZMultiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002147https://doaj.org/article/0717ae1ebf5947c39e95074a6889925e2011-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21829350/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, a devastating problem worldwide. This fungus has caused breakdown of resistance conferred by newly developed commercial cultivars. To address how the rice blast fungus adapts itself to new resistance genes so quickly, we examined chromosomal locations of AVR-Pita, a subtelomeric gene family corresponding to the Pita resistance gene, in various isolates of M. oryzae (including wheat and millet pathogens) and its related species. We found that AVR-Pita (AVR-Pita1 and AVR-Pita2) is highly variable in its genome location, occurring in chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and supernumerary chromosomes, particularly in rice-infecting isolates. When expressed in M. oryzae, most of the AVR-Pita homologs could elicit Pita-mediated resistance, even those from non-rice isolates. AVR-Pita was flanked by a retrotransposon, which presumably contributed to its multiple translocation across the genome. On the other hand, family member AVR-Pita3, which lacks avirulence activity, was stably located on chromosome 7 in a vast majority of isolates. These results suggest that the diversification in genome location of AVR-Pita in the rice isolates is a consequence of recognition by Pita in rice. We propose a model that the multiple translocation of AVR-Pita may be associated with its frequent loss and recovery mediated by its transfer among individuals in asexual populations. This model implies that the high mobility of AVR-Pita is a key mechanism accounting for the rapid adaptation toward Pita. Dynamic adaptation of some fungal plant pathogens may be achieved by deletion and recovery of avirulence genes using a population as a unit of adaptation.Izumi ChumaChihiro IsobeYuma HottaKana IbaragiNatsuru FutamataMotoaki KusabaKentaro YoshidaRyohei TerauchiYoshikatsu FujitaHitoshi NakayashikiBarbara ValentYukio TosaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e1002147 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Izumi Chuma Chihiro Isobe Yuma Hotta Kana Ibaragi Natsuru Futamata Motoaki Kusaba Kentaro Yoshida Ryohei Terauchi Yoshikatsu Fujita Hitoshi Nakayashiki Barbara Valent Yukio Tosa Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
description	Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, a devastating problem worldwide. This fungus has caused breakdown of resistance conferred by newly developed commercial cultivars. To address how the rice blast fungus adapts itself to new resistance genes so quickly, we examined chromosomal locations of AVR-Pita, a subtelomeric gene family corresponding to the Pita resistance gene, in various isolates of M. oryzae (including wheat and millet pathogens) and its related species. We found that AVR-Pita (AVR-Pita1 and AVR-Pita2) is highly variable in its genome location, occurring in chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and supernumerary chromosomes, particularly in rice-infecting isolates. When expressed in M. oryzae, most of the AVR-Pita homologs could elicit Pita-mediated resistance, even those from non-rice isolates. AVR-Pita was flanked by a retrotransposon, which presumably contributed to its multiple translocation across the genome. On the other hand, family member AVR-Pita3, which lacks avirulence activity, was stably located on chromosome 7 in a vast majority of isolates. These results suggest that the diversification in genome location of AVR-Pita in the rice isolates is a consequence of recognition by Pita in rice. We propose a model that the multiple translocation of AVR-Pita may be associated with its frequent loss and recovery mediated by its transfer among individuals in asexual populations. This model implies that the high mobility of AVR-Pita is a key mechanism accounting for the rapid adaptation toward Pita. Dynamic adaptation of some fungal plant pathogens may be achieved by deletion and recovery of avirulence genes using a population as a unit of adaptation.
format	article
author	Izumi Chuma Chihiro Isobe Yuma Hotta Kana Ibaragi Natsuru Futamata Motoaki Kusaba Kentaro Yoshida Ryohei Terauchi Yoshikatsu Fujita Hitoshi Nakayashiki Barbara Valent Yukio Tosa
author_facet	Izumi Chuma Chihiro Isobe Yuma Hotta Kana Ibaragi Natsuru Futamata Motoaki Kusaba Kentaro Yoshida Ryohei Terauchi Yoshikatsu Fujita Hitoshi Nakayashiki Barbara Valent Yukio Tosa
author_sort	Izumi Chuma
title	Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
title_short	Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
title_full	Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
title_fullStr	Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
title_full_unstemmed	Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
title_sort	multiple translocation of the avr-pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/0717ae1ebf5947c39e95074a6889925e
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Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.

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