ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS

Influenza is a highly contagious human disease. In the course of use of antiviral drugs drug-resistant strains of the virus are formed, resulting in reduced efficiency of the chemotherapy. The review describes the biological activity of glycirrhetinic (GLA) and glycirrhizic (GA) acids in terms of th...

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Autores principales:	V. V. Zarubaev, V. B. Anikin, V. S. Smirnov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2016
Materias:	influenza glycirrhizic acid anti-viral activity immunomodulating activity antivirals Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0744e664ce844844ae63e1df9612b6f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0744e664ce844844ae63e1df9612b6f62021-11-22T07:09:48ZANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS2220-76192313-739810.15789/2220-7619-2016-3-199-206https://doaj.org/article/0744e664ce844844ae63e1df9612b6f62016-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/419https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Influenza is a highly contagious human disease. In the course of use of antiviral drugs drug-resistant strains of the virus are formed, resulting in reduced efficiency of the chemotherapy. The review describes the biological activity of glycirrhetinic (GLA) and glycirrhizic (GA) acids in terms of their use as a therapeutic agent for viral infections. So, these compounds are against a broad spectrum of viruses, including herpes, corona-, alphaand flaviviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, vaccinia virus, poliovirus type I, vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza A virus. These data indicate that anti-viral effect of these compounds is due to several types of activity — direct antiviral effects, effects on cellular proand anti-viral and immunomodulating pathways, in particular by activation of innate immunity system. GA interferes with early steps of the viral reproductive cycle such as virus binding to its receptor, the absorption of the virus by endocytosis or virus decapsidation in the cytoplasm. This is due to the effect of GA-induced reduction of membrane fluidity. Thus, one mechanism for the antiviral activity of GA is that GA molecule increases the rigidity of cellular and viral membranes after incorporation in there. This results in increasing of energy threshold required for the formation of negative curvature at the fusion zones, as well as difficult lateral migration of the virus-receptor complexes. In addition, glycyrrhizin prevents interaction of viral nucleoprotein with cellular protein HMGB1, which is necessary for the viral life cycle. Glycyrrhizin also inhibits the induction of oxidative stress during influenza infection, exhibiting antioxidant properties, which leads to a reduction of virus-induced production of cytokines/chemokines, without affecting the replication of the virus. A wide spectrum of biological activity and effect on various aspects of the viral pathogenesis substantiate the effect of GA and GLA as a component of a complex antiviral therapy. A combination of antiviral mechanisms makes GA and GLA unique means capable of providing an antiviral effect in many types of viral pathologies that emphasizes their prospects as a component of comprehensive antiviral therapy. Further research in the field of optimization of their application may lead to the development of new antiviral drugs and effective schemes of their combined application.V. V. ZarubaevV. B. AnikinV. S. SmirnovSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pasteraarticleinfluenzaglycirrhizic acidanti-viral activityimmunomodulating activityantiviralsInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216RUInfekciâ i Immunitet, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 199-206 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	influenza glycirrhizic acid anti-viral activity immunomodulating activity antivirals Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	influenza glycirrhizic acid anti-viral activity immunomodulating activity antivirals Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 V. V. Zarubaev V. B. Anikin V. S. Smirnov ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS
description	Influenza is a highly contagious human disease. In the course of use of antiviral drugs drug-resistant strains of the virus are formed, resulting in reduced efficiency of the chemotherapy. The review describes the biological activity of glycirrhetinic (GLA) and glycirrhizic (GA) acids in terms of their use as a therapeutic agent for viral infections. So, these compounds are against a broad spectrum of viruses, including herpes, corona-, alphaand flaviviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, vaccinia virus, poliovirus type I, vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza A virus. These data indicate that anti-viral effect of these compounds is due to several types of activity — direct antiviral effects, effects on cellular proand anti-viral and immunomodulating pathways, in particular by activation of innate immunity system. GA interferes with early steps of the viral reproductive cycle such as virus binding to its receptor, the absorption of the virus by endocytosis or virus decapsidation in the cytoplasm. This is due to the effect of GA-induced reduction of membrane fluidity. Thus, one mechanism for the antiviral activity of GA is that GA molecule increases the rigidity of cellular and viral membranes after incorporation in there. This results in increasing of energy threshold required for the formation of negative curvature at the fusion zones, as well as difficult lateral migration of the virus-receptor complexes. In addition, glycyrrhizin prevents interaction of viral nucleoprotein with cellular protein HMGB1, which is necessary for the viral life cycle. Glycyrrhizin also inhibits the induction of oxidative stress during influenza infection, exhibiting antioxidant properties, which leads to a reduction of virus-induced production of cytokines/chemokines, without affecting the replication of the virus. A wide spectrum of biological activity and effect on various aspects of the viral pathogenesis substantiate the effect of GA and GLA as a component of a complex antiviral therapy. A combination of antiviral mechanisms makes GA and GLA unique means capable of providing an antiviral effect in many types of viral pathologies that emphasizes their prospects as a component of comprehensive antiviral therapy. Further research in the field of optimization of their application may lead to the development of new antiviral drugs and effective schemes of their combined application.
format	article
author	V. V. Zarubaev V. B. Anikin V. S. Smirnov
author_facet	V. V. Zarubaev V. B. Anikin V. S. Smirnov
author_sort	V. V. Zarubaev
title	ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS
title_short	ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS
title_full	ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS
title_fullStr	ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS
title_full_unstemmed	ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS
title_sort	anti-viral activity of glycirrhetinic and glycirrhizic acids
publisher	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/0744e664ce844844ae63e1df9612b6f6
work_keys_str_mv	AT vvzarubaev antiviralactivityofglycirrhetinicandglycirrhizicacids AT vbanikin antiviralactivityofglycirrhetinicandglycirrhizicacids AT vssmirnov antiviralactivityofglycirrhetinicandglycirrhizicacids
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ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCIRRHETINIC AND GLYCIRRHIZIC ACIDS

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