Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil

Abstract The extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major challenge for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infections. Subtype C accounts for most of the HIV-1 infections in the world but has been mainly localized in Southern Africa, Ethiopia and India. For elusive reasons, South Brazil harbor...

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Autores principales:	Bernardino Souto, Vera Triunfante, Ana Santos-Pereira, Joana Martins, Pedro M. M. Araújo, Nuno S. Osório
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/074e074412e84da6bb2bd4afa9df159d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:074e074412e84da6bb2bd4afa9df159d2021-12-05T12:14:02ZEvolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil10.1038/s41598-021-02428-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/074e074412e84da6bb2bd4afa9df159d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02428-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major challenge for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infections. Subtype C accounts for most of the HIV-1 infections in the world but has been mainly localized in Southern Africa, Ethiopia and India. For elusive reasons, South Brazil harbors the largest HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in the American continent that is elsewhere dominated by subtype B. To investigate this topic, we collected clinical data and viral sequences from 2611 treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with HIV-1 in Brazil. Molecular epidemiology analysis supported 35 well-delimited transmission clusters of subtype C highlighting transmission within South Brazil but also from the South to all other Brazilian regions and internationally. Individuals infected with subtype C had lower probability to be deficient in CD4+ T cells when compared to subtype B. The HIV-1 epidemics in the South was characterized by high female-to-male infection ratios and women-to-child transmission. Our results suggest that HIV-1 subtype C probably takes advantage of longer asymptomatic periods to maximize transmission and is unlikely to outcompete subtype B in settings where the infection of women is relatively less relevant. This study contributes to elucidate factors possibly underlying the geographical distribution and expansion patterns of the most spread HIV-1 subtypes.Bernardino SoutoVera TriunfanteAna Santos-PereiraJoana MartinsPedro M. M. AraújoNuno S. OsórioNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bernardino Souto Vera Triunfante Ana Santos-Pereira Joana Martins Pedro M. M. Araújo Nuno S. Osório Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil
description	Abstract The extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major challenge for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infections. Subtype C accounts for most of the HIV-1 infections in the world but has been mainly localized in Southern Africa, Ethiopia and India. For elusive reasons, South Brazil harbors the largest HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in the American continent that is elsewhere dominated by subtype B. To investigate this topic, we collected clinical data and viral sequences from 2611 treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with HIV-1 in Brazil. Molecular epidemiology analysis supported 35 well-delimited transmission clusters of subtype C highlighting transmission within South Brazil but also from the South to all other Brazilian regions and internationally. Individuals infected with subtype C had lower probability to be deficient in CD4+ T cells when compared to subtype B. The HIV-1 epidemics in the South was characterized by high female-to-male infection ratios and women-to-child transmission. Our results suggest that HIV-1 subtype C probably takes advantage of longer asymptomatic periods to maximize transmission and is unlikely to outcompete subtype B in settings where the infection of women is relatively less relevant. This study contributes to elucidate factors possibly underlying the geographical distribution and expansion patterns of the most spread HIV-1 subtypes.
format	article
author	Bernardino Souto Vera Triunfante Ana Santos-Pereira Joana Martins Pedro M. M. Araújo Nuno S. Osório
author_facet	Bernardino Souto Vera Triunfante Ana Santos-Pereira Joana Martins Pedro M. M. Araújo Nuno S. Osório
author_sort	Bernardino Souto
title	Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil
title_short	Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil
title_full	Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil
title_fullStr	Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed	Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil
title_sort	evolutionary dynamics of hiv-1 subtype c in brazil
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/074e074412e84da6bb2bd4afa9df159d
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Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C in Brazil

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