Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.

Microbes are constantly evolving. Laboratory studies of bacterial evolution increase our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, identify adaptive changes, and answer important questions that impact human health. During bacterial infections in humans, however, the evolutionary parameters acting on i...

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Autores principales:	Matthew J Culyba, Daria Van Tyne
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/076d81a401874d6293090fb02bdbe382
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:076d81a401874d6293090fb02bdbe3822021-12-02T20:00:12ZBacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1009872https://doaj.org/article/076d81a401874d6293090fb02bdbe3822021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009872https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Microbes are constantly evolving. Laboratory studies of bacterial evolution increase our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, identify adaptive changes, and answer important questions that impact human health. During bacterial infections in humans, however, the evolutionary parameters acting on infecting populations are likely to be much more complex than those that can be tested in the laboratory. Nonetheless, human infections can be thought of as naturally occurring in vivo bacterial evolution experiments, which can teach us about antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and transmission. Here, we review recent advances in the study of within-host bacterial evolution during human infection and discuss practical considerations for conducting such studies. We focus on 2 possible outcomes for de novo adaptive mutations, which we have termed "adapt-and-live" and "adapt-and-die." In the adapt-and-live scenario, a mutation is long lived, enabling its transmission on to other individuals, or the establishment of chronic infection. In the adapt-and-die scenario, a mutation is rapidly extinguished, either because it carries a substantial fitness cost, it arises within tissues that block transmission to new hosts, it is outcompeted by more fit clones, or the infection resolves. Adapt-and-die mutations can provide rich information about selection pressures in vivo, yet they can easily elude detection because they are short lived, may be more difficult to sample, or could be maladaptive in the long term. Understanding how bacteria adapt under each of these scenarios can reveal new insights about the basic biology of pathogenic microbes and could aid in the design of new translational approaches to combat bacterial infections.Matthew J CulybaDaria Van TynePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 9, p e1009872 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Matthew J Culyba Daria Van Tyne Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.
description	Microbes are constantly evolving. Laboratory studies of bacterial evolution increase our understanding of evolutionary dynamics, identify adaptive changes, and answer important questions that impact human health. During bacterial infections in humans, however, the evolutionary parameters acting on infecting populations are likely to be much more complex than those that can be tested in the laboratory. Nonetheless, human infections can be thought of as naturally occurring in vivo bacterial evolution experiments, which can teach us about antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and transmission. Here, we review recent advances in the study of within-host bacterial evolution during human infection and discuss practical considerations for conducting such studies. We focus on 2 possible outcomes for de novo adaptive mutations, which we have termed "adapt-and-live" and "adapt-and-die." In the adapt-and-live scenario, a mutation is long lived, enabling its transmission on to other individuals, or the establishment of chronic infection. In the adapt-and-die scenario, a mutation is rapidly extinguished, either because it carries a substantial fitness cost, it arises within tissues that block transmission to new hosts, it is outcompeted by more fit clones, or the infection resolves. Adapt-and-die mutations can provide rich information about selection pressures in vivo, yet they can easily elude detection because they are short lived, may be more difficult to sample, or could be maladaptive in the long term. Understanding how bacteria adapt under each of these scenarios can reveal new insights about the basic biology of pathogenic microbes and could aid in the design of new translational approaches to combat bacterial infections.
format	article
author	Matthew J Culyba Daria Van Tyne
author_facet	Matthew J Culyba Daria Van Tyne
author_sort	Matthew J Culyba
title	Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.
title_short	Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.
title_full	Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.
title_fullStr	Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.
title_full_unstemmed	Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.
title_sort	bacterial evolution during human infection: adapt and live or adapt and die.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/076d81a401874d6293090fb02bdbe382
work_keys_str_mv	AT matthewjculyba bacterialevolutionduringhumaninfectionadaptandliveoradaptanddie AT dariavantyne bacterialevolutionduringhumaninfectionadaptandliveoradaptanddie
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Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt and live or adapt and die.

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