Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom

Abstract Background Autistic traits are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and are known to vary geographically in prevalence. But to what extent does their aetiology also vary from place to place? Methods We applied a novel spatial approach to data on autistic traits from two lar...

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Autores principales:	Zoe E. Reed, Henrik Larsson, Claire M. A. Haworth, Dheeraj Rai, Sebastian Lundström, Angelica Ronald, Abraham Reichenberg, Paul Lichtenstein, Oliver S. P. Davis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	autism CATSS environment genetics geographical variation TEDS Pediatrics RJ1-570 Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/078036ab26dc4f1e8446addb97cf2bfd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:078036ab26dc4f1e8446addb97cf2bfd2021-11-23T06:05:44ZMapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom2692-938410.1002/jcv2.12039https://doaj.org/article/078036ab26dc4f1e8446addb97cf2bfd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12039https://doaj.org/toc/2692-9384Abstract Background Autistic traits are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and are known to vary geographically in prevalence. But to what extent does their aetiology also vary from place to place? Methods We applied a novel spatial approach to data on autistic traits from two large twin studies, the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS; N = 16,677, including 8307 twin pairs) and the Twins Early Development Study in the UK (TEDS; N = 11,594, including 5796 twin pairs), to explore how the influence of nature and nurture on autistic traits varies from place to place. Results We present maps of gene‐ and environment‐ by geography interactions in Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK), showing geographical variation in both genetic and environmental influences across the two countries. In Sweden genetic influences appear higher in the far south and in a band running across the centre of the country. Environmental influences appear greatest in the south and north, with reduced environmental influence across the central band. In the UK genetic influences appear greater in the south, particularly in more central southern areas and the southeast, the Midlands and the north of England. Environmental influences appear greatest in the south and east of the UK, with less influence in the north and the west. Conclusions We hope this systematic approach to identifying aetiological interactions will inspire research to examine a wider range of previously unknown environmental influences on the aetiology of autistic traits. By doing so, we will gain greater understanding of how these environments draw out or mask genetic predisposition and interact with other environmental influences in the development of autistic traits.Zoe E. ReedHenrik LarssonClaire M. A. HaworthDheeraj RaiSebastian LundströmAngelica RonaldAbraham ReichenbergPaul LichtensteinOliver S. P. DavisWileyarticleautismCATSSenvironmentgeneticsgeographical variationTEDSPediatricsRJ1-570PsychiatryRC435-571ENJCPP Advances, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	autism CATSS environment genetics geographical variation TEDS Pediatrics RJ1-570 Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	autism CATSS environment genetics geographical variation TEDS Pediatrics RJ1-570 Psychiatry RC435-571 Zoe E. Reed Henrik Larsson Claire M. A. Haworth Dheeraj Rai Sebastian Lundström Angelica Ronald Abraham Reichenberg Paul Lichtenstein Oliver S. P. Davis Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom
description	Abstract Background Autistic traits are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and are known to vary geographically in prevalence. But to what extent does their aetiology also vary from place to place? Methods We applied a novel spatial approach to data on autistic traits from two large twin studies, the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS; N = 16,677, including 8307 twin pairs) and the Twins Early Development Study in the UK (TEDS; N = 11,594, including 5796 twin pairs), to explore how the influence of nature and nurture on autistic traits varies from place to place. Results We present maps of gene‐ and environment‐ by geography interactions in Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK), showing geographical variation in both genetic and environmental influences across the two countries. In Sweden genetic influences appear higher in the far south and in a band running across the centre of the country. Environmental influences appear greatest in the south and north, with reduced environmental influence across the central band. In the UK genetic influences appear greater in the south, particularly in more central southern areas and the southeast, the Midlands and the north of England. Environmental influences appear greatest in the south and east of the UK, with less influence in the north and the west. Conclusions We hope this systematic approach to identifying aetiological interactions will inspire research to examine a wider range of previously unknown environmental influences on the aetiology of autistic traits. By doing so, we will gain greater understanding of how these environments draw out or mask genetic predisposition and interact with other environmental influences in the development of autistic traits.
format	article
author	Zoe E. Reed Henrik Larsson Claire M. A. Haworth Dheeraj Rai Sebastian Lundström Angelica Ronald Abraham Reichenberg Paul Lichtenstein Oliver S. P. Davis
author_facet	Zoe E. Reed Henrik Larsson Claire M. A. Haworth Dheeraj Rai Sebastian Lundström Angelica Ronald Abraham Reichenberg Paul Lichtenstein Oliver S. P. Davis
author_sort	Zoe E. Reed
title	Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom
title_short	Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom
title_full	Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom
title_fullStr	Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom
title_full_unstemmed	Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom
title_sort	mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in sweden and the united kingdom
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/078036ab26dc4f1e8446addb97cf2bfd
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Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom

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