Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study

Danai Tavonga Zhou,1,2 Olav Oektedalen,3 Sandra Shawarira-Bote,4 Babill Stray-Pedersen5 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 3Department of Infectious...

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Autores principales:	Zhou DT, Oktedalen O, Shawarira-Bote S, Stray-Pedersen B
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	ART CHD Cohort Framingham HIV Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/07e89ba51a734e7281c3b9c72ccde423
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:07e89ba51a734e7281c3b9c72ccde4232021-12-02T02:50:30ZChanges in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study1179-1373https://doaj.org/article/07e89ba51a734e7281c3b9c72ccde4232016-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/changes-in-coronary-heart-disease-risk-profiles-of-hiv-patients-in-zim-peer-reviewed-article-HIVhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1373Danai Tavonga Zhou,1,2 Olav Oektedalen,3 Sandra Shawarira-Bote,4 Babill Stray-Pedersen5 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; 4Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe; 5Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo and Womens Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Abstract: Dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, and coronary heart disease (CHD) are adverse events in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients even if they are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Yet, data on CHD risk induced by HIV or ART in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. The aim of this longitudinal study was to describe changes in CHD risk profiles measured by lipids, inflammatory markers, and Framingham scores among HIV-positive patients previously reported from Harare, Zimbabwe. Patients were grouped into ART-experienced patients (n=147) and ART-naïve patients (n=23) and followed up for 9 months. Generalized least squares random-effects modeling was applied to explain changes in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, TC/HDL ratio, myeloperoxidase, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and Framingham scores over the 9-month period. Independent variables included age, sex, monthly earning, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, duration of HIV diagnosis, duration of ART, viral load, and CD4 count. In ART-experienced patients, there was a substantial decrease in TC over time, ART-negative patients showed a significant increase in TC and HDL over time, and the increase in TC was associated with high viral load and low duration of HIV diagnosis, while increase in HDL was associated with young age, low body mass index, and low SBP. Framingham risk scores increased with time in ART-positive patients, and the change was positively correlated with age, sex, high SBP, and low HDL. There was no association between calculated CHD risk (TC/HDL ratio or Framingham score) and changes in levels of inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase and highly sensitive C-reactive protein) in any of the patient groups. In conclusion, ART-experienced HIV-positive patients show changes in lipid values over time that makes it necessary to include lipid monitoring in order to reduce any risk of long-term CHD. Keywords: ART, CHD, cohort, Framingham, HIVZhou DTOktedalen OShawarira-Bote SStray-Pedersen BDove Medical PressarticleARTCHDCohortFraminghamHIVImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENHIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care, Vol Volume 8, Pp 165-174 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ART CHD Cohort Framingham HIV Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	ART CHD Cohort Framingham HIV Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Zhou DT Oktedalen O Shawarira-Bote S Stray-Pedersen B Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study
description	Danai Tavonga Zhou,1,2 Olav Oektedalen,3 Sandra Shawarira-Bote,4 Babill Stray-Pedersen5 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; 4Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe; 5Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo and Womens Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Abstract: Dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, and coronary heart disease (CHD) are adverse events in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients even if they are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Yet, data on CHD risk induced by HIV or ART in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. The aim of this longitudinal study was to describe changes in CHD risk profiles measured by lipids, inflammatory markers, and Framingham scores among HIV-positive patients previously reported from Harare, Zimbabwe. Patients were grouped into ART-experienced patients (n=147) and ART-naïve patients (n=23) and followed up for 9 months. Generalized least squares random-effects modeling was applied to explain changes in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, TC/HDL ratio, myeloperoxidase, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and Framingham scores over the 9-month period. Independent variables included age, sex, monthly earning, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, duration of HIV diagnosis, duration of ART, viral load, and CD4 count. In ART-experienced patients, there was a substantial decrease in TC over time, ART-negative patients showed a significant increase in TC and HDL over time, and the increase in TC was associated with high viral load and low duration of HIV diagnosis, while increase in HDL was associated with young age, low body mass index, and low SBP. Framingham risk scores increased with time in ART-positive patients, and the change was positively correlated with age, sex, high SBP, and low HDL. There was no association between calculated CHD risk (TC/HDL ratio or Framingham score) and changes in levels of inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase and highly sensitive C-reactive protein) in any of the patient groups. In conclusion, ART-experienced HIV-positive patients show changes in lipid values over time that makes it necessary to include lipid monitoring in order to reduce any risk of long-term CHD. Keywords: ART, CHD, cohort, Framingham, HIV
format	article
author	Zhou DT Oktedalen O Shawarira-Bote S Stray-Pedersen B
author_facet	Zhou DT Oktedalen O Shawarira-Bote S Stray-Pedersen B
author_sort	Zhou DT
title	Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study
title_short	Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study
title_full	Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study
title_fullStr	Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study
title_sort	changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of hiv patients in zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/07e89ba51a734e7281c3b9c72ccde423
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Changes in coronary heart disease risk profiles of HIV patients in Zimbabwe over 9 months: a follow-up study

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