Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review

Increased levels of carbon dioxide have revolutionised the Earth; higher temperatures, melting icecaps, and flooding are now more prevalent. Fortunately, renewable energy mitigates this problem by making up 20% of human energy needs. However, from a “green environment” perspective, can carbon dioxid...

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Autores principales:	Latifah M. Alsarhan, Alhanouf S. Alayyar, Naif B. Alqahtani, Nezar H. Khdary
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	CCE circular carbon economy circular economy CO<sub>2</sub> economic impact zero carbon emission Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/082b23114e5942cd882ed54c2d2712f5
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:082b23114e5942cd882ed54c2d2712f5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:082b23114e5942cd882ed54c2d2712f52021-11-11T19:22:51ZCircular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review10.3390/su1321116252071-1050https://doaj.org/article/082b23114e5942cd882ed54c2d2712f52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11625https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Increased levels of carbon dioxide have revolutionised the Earth; higher temperatures, melting icecaps, and flooding are now more prevalent. Fortunately, renewable energy mitigates this problem by making up 20% of human energy needs. However, from a “green environment” perspective, can carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere be reduced and eliminated? The carbon economic circle is an ideal solution to this problem, as it enables us to store, use, and remove carbon dioxide. This research introduces the circular carbon economy (CCE) and addresses its economic importance. Additionally, the paper discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS), and the utilisation of CO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, it explains current technologies and their future applications on environmental impact, CO<sub>2</sub> capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS). Various opinions on the best way to achieve zero carbon emissions and on CO<sub>2</sub> applications and their economic impact are also discussed. The circular carbon economy can be achieved through a highly transparent global administration that is supportive of advanced technologies that contribute to the efficient utilisation of energy sources. This global administration must also provide facilities to modernise and develop factories and power stations, based on emission-reducing technologies. Monitoring emissions in countries through a global monitoring network system, based on actual field measurements, linked to a worldwide database allows all stakeholders to track the change in greenhouse gas emissions. The process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the ocean is affected by the support for technologies and industries that adopt the principle of carbon recycling in order to maintain the balance. This includes supporting initiatives that contribute to increasing vegetation cover and preserving oceans from pollutants, especially chemicals and radioactive pollutants, which will undoubtedly affect the process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the oceans, and this will contribute significantly to maintaining carbon dioxide at acceptable levels.Latifah M. AlsarhanAlhanouf S. AlayyarNaif B. AlqahtaniNezar H. KhdaryMDPI AGarticleCCEcircular carbon economycircular economyCO<sub>2</sub>economic impactzero carbon emissionEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11625, p 11625 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	CCE circular carbon economy circular economy CO<sub>2</sub> economic impact zero carbon emission Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	CCE circular carbon economy circular economy CO<sub>2</sub> economic impact zero carbon emission Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Latifah M. Alsarhan Alhanouf S. Alayyar Naif B. Alqahtani Nezar H. Khdary Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review
description	Increased levels of carbon dioxide have revolutionised the Earth; higher temperatures, melting icecaps, and flooding are now more prevalent. Fortunately, renewable energy mitigates this problem by making up 20% of human energy needs. However, from a “green environment” perspective, can carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere be reduced and eliminated? The carbon economic circle is an ideal solution to this problem, as it enables us to store, use, and remove carbon dioxide. This research introduces the circular carbon economy (CCE) and addresses its economic importance. Additionally, the paper discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS), and the utilisation of CO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, it explains current technologies and their future applications on environmental impact, CO<sub>2</sub> capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS). Various opinions on the best way to achieve zero carbon emissions and on CO<sub>2</sub> applications and their economic impact are also discussed. The circular carbon economy can be achieved through a highly transparent global administration that is supportive of advanced technologies that contribute to the efficient utilisation of energy sources. This global administration must also provide facilities to modernise and develop factories and power stations, based on emission-reducing technologies. Monitoring emissions in countries through a global monitoring network system, based on actual field measurements, linked to a worldwide database allows all stakeholders to track the change in greenhouse gas emissions. The process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the ocean is affected by the support for technologies and industries that adopt the principle of carbon recycling in order to maintain the balance. This includes supporting initiatives that contribute to increasing vegetation cover and preserving oceans from pollutants, especially chemicals and radioactive pollutants, which will undoubtedly affect the process of sequestering carbon dioxide in the oceans, and this will contribute significantly to maintaining carbon dioxide at acceptable levels.
format	article
author	Latifah M. Alsarhan Alhanouf S. Alayyar Naif B. Alqahtani Nezar H. Khdary
author_facet	Latifah M. Alsarhan Alhanouf S. Alayyar Naif B. Alqahtani Nezar H. Khdary
author_sort	Latifah M. Alsarhan
title	Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review
title_short	Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review
title_full	Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review
title_fullStr	Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review
title_full_unstemmed	Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review
title_sort	circular carbon economy (cce): a way to invest co<sub>2</sub> and protect the environment, a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/082b23114e5942cd882ed54c2d2712f5
work_keys_str_mv	AT latifahmalsarhan circularcarboneconomycceawaytoinvestcosub2subandprotecttheenvironmentareview AT alhanoufsalayyar circularcarboneconomycceawaytoinvestcosub2subandprotecttheenvironmentareview AT naifbalqahtani circularcarboneconomycceawaytoinvestcosub2subandprotecttheenvironmentareview AT nezarhkhdary circularcarboneconomycceawaytoinvestcosub2subandprotecttheenvironmentareview
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Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO<sub>2</sub> and Protect the Environment, a Review

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