Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study

Polyphenolic compounds—mangiferin and hesperidin—are, among others, the most important secondary metabolites of African shrub <i>Cyclopia</i> sp. (honeybush). The aim of this study was to compare the percutaneous absorption of mangiferin and hesperidin from solutions (water, ethanol 50%,...

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Autores principales:	Anna Hering, Jadwiga Renata Ochocka, Helena Baranska, Krzysztof Cal, Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	skin penetration skin permeation HPLC Fabaceae honeybush fluorescent microscopy Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0859e5935eab44eda99f9104e1e5fb09
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0859e5935eab44eda99f9104e1e5fb092021-11-11T18:31:57ZMangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study10.3390/molecules262165471420-3049https://doaj.org/article/0859e5935eab44eda99f9104e1e5fb092021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6547https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Polyphenolic compounds—mangiferin and hesperidin—are, among others, the most important secondary metabolites of African shrub <i>Cyclopia</i> sp. (honeybush). The aim of this study was to compare the percutaneous absorption of mangiferin and hesperidin from solutions (water, ethanol 50%, (<i>v/v</i>)) and extracts obtained from green and fermented honeybush (water, ethanol 50%, (<i>v/v</i>)). Research was performed with the Bronaugh cells, on human dorsal skin. The mangiferin and hesperidin distributions in skin layers (stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis) and in acceptor fluid (in every 2, 4, 6, and 24 h) were evaluated by HPLC–Photodiode Array Coulometric and Coulometric Electrochemical Array Detection. The transdermal distribution of hesperidin was also demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. Results indicated that mangiferin and hesperidin were able to cross the stratum corneum and penetrate into the epidermis and dermis. An advantage of hesperidin penetration into the skin from the water over ethanol solution was observed (451.02 ± 14.50 vs. 357.39 ± 4.51 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>), as well as in the mangiferin study (127.56 ± 9.49 vs. 97.23 ± 2.92 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>). Furthermore, mangiferin penetration was more evident from nonfermented honeybush ethanol extract (189.85 ± 4.11 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>) than from solutions. The permeation of mangiferin and hesperidin through the skin to the acceptor fluid was observed regardless of whether the solution or the honeybush extract was applied. The highest ability to permeate the skin was demonstrated for the water solution of hesperidin (250.92 ± 16.01 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>), while the hesperidin occurring in the extracts permeated in a very low capacity. Mangiferin from nonfermented honeybush ethanol extract had the highest ability to permeate to the acceptor fluid within 24 h (152.36 ± 8.57 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>).Anna HeringJadwiga Renata OchockaHelena BaranskaKrzysztof CalJustyna Stefanowicz-HajdukMDPI AGarticleskin penetrationskin permeationHPLCFabaceaehoneybushfluorescent microscopyOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6547, p 6547 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	skin penetration skin permeation HPLC Fabaceae honeybush fluorescent microscopy Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	skin penetration skin permeation HPLC Fabaceae honeybush fluorescent microscopy Organic chemistry QD241-441 Anna Hering Jadwiga Renata Ochocka Helena Baranska Krzysztof Cal Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study
description	Polyphenolic compounds—mangiferin and hesperidin—are, among others, the most important secondary metabolites of African shrub <i>Cyclopia</i> sp. (honeybush). The aim of this study was to compare the percutaneous absorption of mangiferin and hesperidin from solutions (water, ethanol 50%, (<i>v/v</i>)) and extracts obtained from green and fermented honeybush (water, ethanol 50%, (<i>v/v</i>)). Research was performed with the Bronaugh cells, on human dorsal skin. The mangiferin and hesperidin distributions in skin layers (stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis) and in acceptor fluid (in every 2, 4, 6, and 24 h) were evaluated by HPLC–Photodiode Array Coulometric and Coulometric Electrochemical Array Detection. The transdermal distribution of hesperidin was also demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. Results indicated that mangiferin and hesperidin were able to cross the stratum corneum and penetrate into the epidermis and dermis. An advantage of hesperidin penetration into the skin from the water over ethanol solution was observed (451.02 ± 14.50 vs. 357.39 ± 4.51 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>), as well as in the mangiferin study (127.56 ± 9.49 vs. 97.23 ± 2.92 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>). Furthermore, mangiferin penetration was more evident from nonfermented honeybush ethanol extract (189.85 ± 4.11 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>) than from solutions. The permeation of mangiferin and hesperidin through the skin to the acceptor fluid was observed regardless of whether the solution or the honeybush extract was applied. The highest ability to permeate the skin was demonstrated for the water solution of hesperidin (250.92 ± 16.01 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>), while the hesperidin occurring in the extracts permeated in a very low capacity. Mangiferin from nonfermented honeybush ethanol extract had the highest ability to permeate to the acceptor fluid within 24 h (152.36 ± 8.57 ng/cm<sup>2</sup>).
format	article
author	Anna Hering Jadwiga Renata Ochocka Helena Baranska Krzysztof Cal Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk
author_facet	Anna Hering Jadwiga Renata Ochocka Helena Baranska Krzysztof Cal Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk
author_sort	Anna Hering
title	Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study
title_short	Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study
title_full	Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study
title_fullStr	Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study
title_full_unstemmed	Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study
title_sort	mangiferin and hesperidin transdermal distribution and permeability through the skin from solutions and honeybush extracts (<i>cyclopia</i> sp.)—a comparison ex vivo study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0859e5935eab44eda99f9104e1e5fb09
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Mangiferin and Hesperidin Transdermal Distribution and Permeability through the Skin from Solutions and Honeybush Extracts (<i>Cyclopia</i> sp.)—A Comparison Ex Vivo Study

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