RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

<p>This study aims to determine which rapid static observation durations would have acceptable accuracy for engineering surveys in urban environments (i.e. Metro Manila) in the time of COVID-19. Due to health concerns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Metro Manila has experienced various restri...

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Autor principal:	S. F. M. Meneses III
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Applied optics. Photonics TA1501-1820
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/086266bceed44f02a1b339df76f59964
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:086266bceed44f02a1b339df76f599642021-11-19T01:40:20ZRAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-1910.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-4-W6-2021-213-20211682-17502194-9034https://doaj.org/article/086266bceed44f02a1b339df76f599642021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLVI-4-W6-2021/213/2021/isprs-archives-XLVI-4-W6-2021-213-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1682-1750https://doaj.org/toc/2194-9034<p>This study aims to determine which rapid static observation durations would have acceptable accuracy for engineering surveys in urban environments (i.e. Metro Manila) in the time of COVID-19. Due to health concerns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Metro Manila has experienced various restrictions in mobility and time spent in public spaces in recent months. This has affected not only the lives and ways of work of the so-called front liners like nurses, doctors, and primary health care workers, but also the public at large which includes Land Surveyors. It is for this reason that this study was conducted, since a balance must be struck between the aim to get accurate engineering survey results and the health and safety of those who are conducting the measurements. Hence, the shortest possible time to conduct rapid static GNSS observation durations with acceptable results must be determined while ensuring that the conduct of the field survey would still be in compliance to the minimum health protocols (i.e. no mass gathering, maintenance of physical distancing, short time of interaction, etc.) set by the national government.</p><p>For this study, rapid static observations were made at varying time intervals (i.e. 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minuntes, 1 hour, and 2 hours) at locations (i.e. open, with minimal obstructions, with significant obstructions) that would simulate archetypal situations when conducting engineering surveys in urban environments. Results were computed using fully constrained least square adjustment and results show that if all GNSS satellites are used in the computations, all time intervals would yield acceptable RMSE values, both for the horizontal (5 mm to 2 cm) and vertical (1 cm to 4 cm), for engineering surveys. However, if not all GNSS signals are available, it is best to use at least two GNSS satellite constellations (i.e. GPS-BeiDou, GPS-Glonass, Glonass-BeiDou) so that rapid static observations with acceptable accuracy can be made for as short as 5 minutes. For the “classical” accuracy standards, all rapid static observation durations yielded Order B relative precisions for the horizontal while most, except for the 30-minute duration, which yielded Third Order level results for the vertical.</p>S. F. M. Meneses IIICopernicus PublicationsarticleTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Applied optics. PhotonicsTA1501-1820ENThe International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XLVI-4-W6-2021, Pp 213-220 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Applied optics. Photonics TA1501-1820
spellingShingle	Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Applied optics. Photonics TA1501-1820 S. F. M. Meneses III RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
description	<p>This study aims to determine which rapid static observation durations would have acceptable accuracy for engineering surveys in urban environments (i.e. Metro Manila) in the time of COVID-19. Due to health concerns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Metro Manila has experienced various restrictions in mobility and time spent in public spaces in recent months. This has affected not only the lives and ways of work of the so-called front liners like nurses, doctors, and primary health care workers, but also the public at large which includes Land Surveyors. It is for this reason that this study was conducted, since a balance must be struck between the aim to get accurate engineering survey results and the health and safety of those who are conducting the measurements. Hence, the shortest possible time to conduct rapid static GNSS observation durations with acceptable results must be determined while ensuring that the conduct of the field survey would still be in compliance to the minimum health protocols (i.e. no mass gathering, maintenance of physical distancing, short time of interaction, etc.) set by the national government.</p><p>For this study, rapid static observations were made at varying time intervals (i.e. 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minuntes, 1 hour, and 2 hours) at locations (i.e. open, with minimal obstructions, with significant obstructions) that would simulate archetypal situations when conducting engineering surveys in urban environments. Results were computed using fully constrained least square adjustment and results show that if all GNSS satellites are used in the computations, all time intervals would yield acceptable RMSE values, both for the horizontal (5 mm to 2 cm) and vertical (1 cm to 4 cm), for engineering surveys. However, if not all GNSS signals are available, it is best to use at least two GNSS satellite constellations (i.e. GPS-BeiDou, GPS-Glonass, Glonass-BeiDou) so that rapid static observations with acceptable accuracy can be made for as short as 5 minutes. For the “classical” accuracy standards, all rapid static observation durations yielded Order B relative precisions for the horizontal while most, except for the 30-minute duration, which yielded Third Order level results for the vertical.</p>
format	article
author	S. F. M. Meneses III
author_facet	S. F. M. Meneses III
author_sort	S. F. M. Meneses III
title	RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
title_short	RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
title_full	RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
title_fullStr	RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed	RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
title_sort	rapid testing: analysis of gnss rapid static observations suitability for engineering surveys in urban environments in the time of covid-19
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/086266bceed44f02a1b339df76f59964
work_keys_str_mv	AT sfmmenesesiii rapidtestinganalysisofgnssrapidstaticobservationssuitabilityforengineeringsurveysinurbanenvironmentsinthetimeofcovid19
_version_	1718420591701131264

RAPID TESTING: ANALYSIS OF GNSS RAPID STATIC OBSERVATIONS SUITABILITY FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

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