Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis

The development of metropolitan cities inevitably relies on natural resources beyond their boundary through trade of materials and products, particularly within the same urban agglomeration. Meanwhile trade facilitates the optimization of resource allocations under scarcity, among cities and sectors...

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Autores principales:	Xiawei Liao, Aixi Han, Shanghong Li, Yujie Du, Li Chai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	MRIO virtual water flow virtual water trade shadow price DEA China Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/08711cb67f3f4c84bf77b4c8c44bab66
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:08711cb67f3f4c84bf77b4c8c44bab662021-11-11T19:58:28ZUnveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis10.3390/w132131402073-4441https://doaj.org/article/08711cb67f3f4c84bf77b4c8c44bab662021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3140https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The development of metropolitan cities inevitably relies on natural resources beyond their boundary through trade of materials and products, particularly within the same urban agglomeration. Meanwhile trade facilitates the optimization of resource allocations under scarcity, among cities and sectors, and therefore generates economic gains. This study constructs an economic evaluation model combining a Multi-Regional Input-Output model and a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to quantify the economic impacts of virtual water trades among the 13 cities in the JingJinJi region (China national capital area), one of the most water-scarce regions in China. We found that the total virtual water trade among the 13 cities amounted to 927 million m<sup>3</sup> in 2012, among which agricultural sectors contributed 90% while the industrial sector and service sector together made up the remaining 10%. While Beijing and Tianjin are the main virtual water importers, importing respectively 300.48 and 226.92 million m<sup>3</sup> in 2012, Shijiazhuang was the largest virtual water exporter, exporting 173.29 million m<sup>3</sup> virtual water in the same year. Due to their more advanced economic conditions, Beijing and Tianjin also have the highest shadow prices of water, at respectively 912.21 and 831.86 CNY per m<sup>3</sup>, compared to a range of 79.31 to 263.03 CNY per m<sup>3</sup> in cities in Hebei. Virtual water flows from cities in Hebei to Beijing and Tianjin thus generate economic gains. It is estimated that virtual water trades in the JingJinJi region have generated a net economic gain of 403.62 billion CNY in 2012, particularly owing to trades of agricultural products from Shijiazhuang to Beijing and Tianjin.Xiawei LiaoAixi HanShanghong LiYujie DuLi ChaiMDPI AGarticleMRIOvirtual water flowvirtual water tradeshadow priceDEAChinaHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3140, p 3140 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	MRIO virtual water flow virtual water trade shadow price DEA China Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	MRIO virtual water flow virtual water trade shadow price DEA China Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Xiawei Liao Aixi Han Shanghong Li Yujie Du Li Chai Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis
description	The development of metropolitan cities inevitably relies on natural resources beyond their boundary through trade of materials and products, particularly within the same urban agglomeration. Meanwhile trade facilitates the optimization of resource allocations under scarcity, among cities and sectors, and therefore generates economic gains. This study constructs an economic evaluation model combining a Multi-Regional Input-Output model and a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to quantify the economic impacts of virtual water trades among the 13 cities in the JingJinJi region (China national capital area), one of the most water-scarce regions in China. We found that the total virtual water trade among the 13 cities amounted to 927 million m<sup>3</sup> in 2012, among which agricultural sectors contributed 90% while the industrial sector and service sector together made up the remaining 10%. While Beijing and Tianjin are the main virtual water importers, importing respectively 300.48 and 226.92 million m<sup>3</sup> in 2012, Shijiazhuang was the largest virtual water exporter, exporting 173.29 million m<sup>3</sup> virtual water in the same year. Due to their more advanced economic conditions, Beijing and Tianjin also have the highest shadow prices of water, at respectively 912.21 and 831.86 CNY per m<sup>3</sup>, compared to a range of 79.31 to 263.03 CNY per m<sup>3</sup> in cities in Hebei. Virtual water flows from cities in Hebei to Beijing and Tianjin thus generate economic gains. It is estimated that virtual water trades in the JingJinJi region have generated a net economic gain of 403.62 billion CNY in 2012, particularly owing to trades of agricultural products from Shijiazhuang to Beijing and Tianjin.
format	article
author	Xiawei Liao Aixi Han Shanghong Li Yujie Du Li Chai
author_facet	Xiawei Liao Aixi Han Shanghong Li Yujie Du Li Chai
author_sort	Xiawei Liao
title	Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis
title_short	Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis
title_full	Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis
title_fullStr	Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis
title_full_unstemmed	Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis
title_sort	unveiling economic co-benefits of virtual water trades: an empirical analysis on china’s jingjinji megalopolis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/08711cb67f3f4c84bf77b4c8c44bab66
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Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis

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