Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results

Since its inception more than thirty years ago, electroformation has become the most commonly used method for growing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Although the method seems quite straightforward at first, researchers must consider the interplay of a large number of parameters, different lipid...

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Autores principales:	Zvonimir Boban, Ivan Mardešić, Witold Karol Subczynski, Marija Raguz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electroformation GUVs cholesterol lipid composition lipid deposition electrical parameters Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/087e0368e4264c389e6b6851b36bc36a
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:087e0368e4264c389e6b6851b36bc36a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:087e0368e4264c389e6b6851b36bc36a2021-11-25T18:19:52ZGiant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results10.3390/membranes111108602077-0375https://doaj.org/article/087e0368e4264c389e6b6851b36bc36a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/11/860https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375Since its inception more than thirty years ago, electroformation has become the most commonly used method for growing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Although the method seems quite straightforward at first, researchers must consider the interplay of a large number of parameters, different lipid compositions, and internal solutions in order to avoid artifactual results or reproducibility problems. These issues motivated us to write a short review of the most recent methodological developments and possible pitfalls. Additionally, since traditional manual analysis can lead to biased results, we have included a discussion on methods for automatic analysis of GUVs. Finally, we discuss possible improvements in the preparation of GUVs containing high cholesterol contents in order to avoid the formation of artifactual cholesterol crystals. We intend this review to be a reference for those trying to decide what parameters to use as well as an overview providing insight into problems not yet addressed or solved.Zvonimir BobanIvan MardešićWitold Karol SubczynskiMarija RaguzMDPI AGarticleelectroformationGUVscholesterollipid compositionlipid depositionelectrical parametersChemical technologyTP1-1185Chemical engineeringTP155-156ENMembranes, Vol 11, Iss 860, p 860 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electroformation GUVs cholesterol lipid composition lipid deposition electrical parameters Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	electroformation GUVs cholesterol lipid composition lipid deposition electrical parameters Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Zvonimir Boban Ivan Mardešić Witold Karol Subczynski Marija Raguz Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results
description	Since its inception more than thirty years ago, electroformation has become the most commonly used method for growing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Although the method seems quite straightforward at first, researchers must consider the interplay of a large number of parameters, different lipid compositions, and internal solutions in order to avoid artifactual results or reproducibility problems. These issues motivated us to write a short review of the most recent methodological developments and possible pitfalls. Additionally, since traditional manual analysis can lead to biased results, we have included a discussion on methods for automatic analysis of GUVs. Finally, we discuss possible improvements in the preparation of GUVs containing high cholesterol contents in order to avoid the formation of artifactual cholesterol crystals. We intend this review to be a reference for those trying to decide what parameters to use as well as an overview providing insight into problems not yet addressed or solved.
format	article
author	Zvonimir Boban Ivan Mardešić Witold Karol Subczynski Marija Raguz
author_facet	Zvonimir Boban Ivan Mardešić Witold Karol Subczynski Marija Raguz
author_sort	Zvonimir Boban
title	Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results
title_short	Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results
title_full	Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results
title_fullStr	Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results
title_full_unstemmed	Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results
title_sort	giant unilamellar vesicle electroformation: what to use, what to avoid, and how to quantify the results
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/087e0368e4264c389e6b6851b36bc36a
work_keys_str_mv	AT zvonimirboban giantunilamellarvesicleelectroformationwhattousewhattoavoidandhowtoquantifytheresults AT ivanmardesic giantunilamellarvesicleelectroformationwhattousewhattoavoidandhowtoquantifytheresults AT witoldkarolsubczynski giantunilamellarvesicleelectroformationwhattousewhattoavoidandhowtoquantifytheresults AT marijaraguz giantunilamellarvesicleelectroformationwhattousewhattoavoidandhowtoquantifytheresults
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Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Electroformation: What to Use, What to Avoid, and How to Quantify the Results

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