Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.

In the absence of widespread vaccination for COVID-19, governments and public health officials have advocated for the public to wear masks during the pandemic. The decision to wear a mask in public is likely affected by both beliefs about its efficacy and the prevalence of the behavior. Greater mask...

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Autores principales:	Scott E Bokemper, Maria Cucciniello, Tiziano Rotesi, Paolo Pin, Amyn A Malik, Kathryn Willebrand, Elliott E Paintsil, Saad B Omer, Gregory A Huber, Alessia Melegaro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/088af302fc16412f8dbdf7acc91944ff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:088af302fc16412f8dbdf7acc91944ff2021-12-02T20:07:56ZExperimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258282https://doaj.org/article/088af302fc16412f8dbdf7acc91944ff2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258282https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In the absence of widespread vaccination for COVID-19, governments and public health officials have advocated for the public to wear masks during the pandemic. The decision to wear a mask in public is likely affected by both beliefs about its efficacy and the prevalence of the behavior. Greater mask use in the community may encourage others to follow this norm, but it also creates an incentive for individuals to free ride on the protection afforded to them by others. We report the results of two vignette-based experiments conducted in the United States (n = 3,100) and Italy (n = 2,659) to examine the causal relationship between beliefs, social norms, and reported intentions to engage in mask promoting behavior. In both countries, survey respondents were quota sampled to be representative of the country's population on key demographics. We find that providing information about how masks protect others increases the likelihood that someone would wear a mask or encourage others to do so in the United States, but not in Italy. There is no effect of providing information about how masks protect the wearer in either country. Additionally, greater mask use increases intentions to wear a mask and encourage someone else to wear theirs properly in both the United States and Italy. Thus, community mask use may be self-reinforcing.Scott E BokemperMaria CuccinielloTiziano RotesiPaolo PinAmyn A MalikKathryn WillebrandElliott E PaintsilSaad B OmerGregory A HuberAlessia MelegaroPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258282 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Scott E Bokemper Maria Cucciniello Tiziano Rotesi Paolo Pin Amyn A Malik Kathryn Willebrand Elliott E Paintsil Saad B Omer Gregory A Huber Alessia Melegaro Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.
description	In the absence of widespread vaccination for COVID-19, governments and public health officials have advocated for the public to wear masks during the pandemic. The decision to wear a mask in public is likely affected by both beliefs about its efficacy and the prevalence of the behavior. Greater mask use in the community may encourage others to follow this norm, but it also creates an incentive for individuals to free ride on the protection afforded to them by others. We report the results of two vignette-based experiments conducted in the United States (n = 3,100) and Italy (n = 2,659) to examine the causal relationship between beliefs, social norms, and reported intentions to engage in mask promoting behavior. In both countries, survey respondents were quota sampled to be representative of the country's population on key demographics. We find that providing information about how masks protect others increases the likelihood that someone would wear a mask or encourage others to do so in the United States, but not in Italy. There is no effect of providing information about how masks protect the wearer in either country. Additionally, greater mask use increases intentions to wear a mask and encourage someone else to wear theirs properly in both the United States and Italy. Thus, community mask use may be self-reinforcing.
format	article
author	Scott E Bokemper Maria Cucciniello Tiziano Rotesi Paolo Pin Amyn A Malik Kathryn Willebrand Elliott E Paintsil Saad B Omer Gregory A Huber Alessia Melegaro
author_facet	Scott E Bokemper Maria Cucciniello Tiziano Rotesi Paolo Pin Amyn A Malik Kathryn Willebrand Elliott E Paintsil Saad B Omer Gregory A Huber Alessia Melegaro
author_sort	Scott E Bokemper
title	Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.
title_short	Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.
title_full	Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.
title_fullStr	Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.
title_full_unstemmed	Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.
title_sort	experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for covid-19 risk reduction: results from the united states and italy.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/088af302fc16412f8dbdf7acc91944ff
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Experimental evidence that changing beliefs about mask efficacy and social norms increase mask wearing for COVID-19 risk reduction: Results from the United States and Italy.

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