Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) is a serious pest of rice crop and causes sever yield loss each year, especially in Asian countries. In this study, we used <i>chorismate mutase</i> (<i>CM</i>) transgenic line to examine the defense mechanism of rice plants against WBPH. T...

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Autores principales:	Rahmatullah Jan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Lubna, In-Jung Lee, Kyung-Min Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lignin antioxidant signaling relative expression phenylalanine proline Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/089b599c075040d58f77db23c062a18b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:089b599c075040d58f77db23c062a18b2021-11-25T16:25:58ZOver-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants10.3390/antiox101116802076-3921https://doaj.org/article/089b599c075040d58f77db23c062a18b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1680https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) is a serious pest of rice crop and causes sever yield loss each year, especially in Asian countries. In this study, we used <i>chorismate mutase</i> (<i>CM</i>) transgenic line to examine the defense mechanism of rice plants against WBPH. The survival rate of WBPHs, infestation rate of plants, lignin biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation of related genes, salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and signaling and antioxidants regulation were investigated. The WBPH population decreased by 67% in OxCM-t, and the plant infestation rate was 3.5-fold higher in wild-type plants compared with transgenic plants. A substantial increase in lignin was found in the transgenic line (742%) and wild-type (417%) plants. Additionally, <i>CM</i>, <i>phenylalanine ammonia lyase</i> (<i>PAL</i>), <i>chalcone synthase</i> (<i>CHS</i>), and <i>chalcone isomerase</i> (<i>CHI</i>) showed significant increases in their relative expression level in the transgenic line. Salicylic acid was significantly enhanced in the transgenic line compared with WBPH infestation. SA can activate <i>pathogenesis related proteins-1</i> (<i>PR1</i>), <i>PR2</i>, antioxidants, and the expression of their related genes: <i>superoxide dismutase</i> (<i>SOD</i>) and <i>catalase</i> (<i>CAT</i>). WBPH infestation reduced the chlorophyll contents of both transgenic and wild-type plants, but the reduction was great in wild-type than transgenic plants. The sugar content was only significantly increased in the transgenic line, indicating that sugars are not heavily involved in WBPH stress. Phenylalanine, proline, aspartic acid, and total amino acids were increased in the transgenic line and reduced in the wild-type plants. Taken together, all the results suggest that overexpression of <i>CM</i> gene regulates the defense mechanisms and enhances the rice toward WBPH stress.Rahmatullah JanMuhammad Aaqil KhanSajjad AsafLubnaIn-Jung LeeKyung-Min KimMDPI AGarticleligninantioxidantsignalingrelative expressionphenylalanineprolineTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1680, p 1680 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lignin antioxidant signaling relative expression phenylalanine proline Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	lignin antioxidant signaling relative expression phenylalanine proline Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Rahmatullah Jan Muhammad Aaqil Khan Sajjad Asaf Lubna In-Jung Lee Kyung-Min Kim Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants
description	The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) is a serious pest of rice crop and causes sever yield loss each year, especially in Asian countries. In this study, we used <i>chorismate mutase</i> (<i>CM</i>) transgenic line to examine the defense mechanism of rice plants against WBPH. The survival rate of WBPHs, infestation rate of plants, lignin biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation of related genes, salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and signaling and antioxidants regulation were investigated. The WBPH population decreased by 67% in OxCM-t, and the plant infestation rate was 3.5-fold higher in wild-type plants compared with transgenic plants. A substantial increase in lignin was found in the transgenic line (742%) and wild-type (417%) plants. Additionally, <i>CM</i>, <i>phenylalanine ammonia lyase</i> (<i>PAL</i>), <i>chalcone synthase</i> (<i>CHS</i>), and <i>chalcone isomerase</i> (<i>CHI</i>) showed significant increases in their relative expression level in the transgenic line. Salicylic acid was significantly enhanced in the transgenic line compared with WBPH infestation. SA can activate <i>pathogenesis related proteins-1</i> (<i>PR1</i>), <i>PR2</i>, antioxidants, and the expression of their related genes: <i>superoxide dismutase</i> (<i>SOD</i>) and <i>catalase</i> (<i>CAT</i>). WBPH infestation reduced the chlorophyll contents of both transgenic and wild-type plants, but the reduction was great in wild-type than transgenic plants. The sugar content was only significantly increased in the transgenic line, indicating that sugars are not heavily involved in WBPH stress. Phenylalanine, proline, aspartic acid, and total amino acids were increased in the transgenic line and reduced in the wild-type plants. Taken together, all the results suggest that overexpression of <i>CM</i> gene regulates the defense mechanisms and enhances the rice toward WBPH stress.
format	article
author	Rahmatullah Jan Muhammad Aaqil Khan Sajjad Asaf Lubna In-Jung Lee Kyung-Min Kim
author_facet	Rahmatullah Jan Muhammad Aaqil Khan Sajjad Asaf Lubna In-Jung Lee Kyung-Min Kim
author_sort	Rahmatullah Jan
title	Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants
title_short	Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants
title_full	Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants
title_fullStr	Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants
title_full_unstemmed	Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants
title_sort	over-expression of chorismate mutase enhances the accumulation of salicylic acid, lignin, and antioxidants in response to the white-backed planthopper in rice plants
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/089b599c075040d58f77db23c062a18b
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_version_	1718413179701166080

Over-Expression of Chorismate Mutase Enhances the Accumulation of Salicylic Acid, Lignin, and Antioxidants in Response to the White-Backed Planthopper in Rice Plants

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