High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA

We introduce the waveform capture device (WCD), a flexible measurement system capable of recording complex digital signals on trillionth-of-a-second (ps) time scales. The WCD is implemented via modular code on an off-the-shelf field-programmable gate-array (FPGA, Intel/Altera Cyclone V), and incorpo...

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Autores principales:	Noeloikeau F. Charlot, Daniel J. Gauthier, Andrew Pomerance
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	Time-to-digital converter (TDC) digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) field programmable gate array (FPGA) phase lock loop (PLL) dynamic phase shift (DPS) carry chain (CC) Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/08a31150e08846ccabe15a6b249f7a81
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:08a31150e08846ccabe15a6b249f7a81
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:08a31150e08846ccabe15a6b249f7a812021-11-09T00:01:11ZHigh-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2021.3123277https://doaj.org/article/08a31150e08846ccabe15a6b249f7a812021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9585689/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536We introduce the waveform capture device (WCD), a flexible measurement system capable of recording complex digital signals on trillionth-of-a-second (ps) time scales. The WCD is implemented via modular code on an off-the-shelf field-programmable gate-array (FPGA, Intel/Altera Cyclone V), and incorporates both time-to-digital converter (TDC) and digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) functionality. The device captures a waveform by taking snapshots of a signal as it propagates down an ultra-fast transmission line known as a carry chain (CC). It is calibrated via a novel dynamic phase-shifting (DPS) method that requires substantially less data and resources than the state-of-the-art. Using DPS, we find the measurement resolution - or mean propagation delay from one CC element to the next - to be 4.91±0.04 ps (4.54±0.02 ps) for a pulse of logic high (low). Similarly, we find the single-shot precision - or mean error on the timing of the waveform - to be 29.52 ps (27.14 ps) for pulses of logic high (low). We verify these findings by reproducing commercial oscilloscope measurements of asynchronous ring-oscillators on FPGAs, finding the mean pulse width to be 0.240 ± 0.002 ns per inverter gate. Finally, we present a careful analysis of design constraints, introduce a novel error correction algorithm, and sketch a simple extension to the analog domain. We also provide the Verilog code instantiating our design’s hardware primitives in an Appendix, and make our FPGA interfacing methods available as an open-source Python library at <uri>https://github.com/Noeloikeau/fpyga</uri>.Noeloikeau F. CharlotDaniel J. GauthierAndrew PomeranceIEEEarticleTime-to-digital converter (TDC)digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)field programmable gate array (FPGA)phase lock loop (PLL)dynamic phase shift (DPS)carry chain (CC)Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 146203-146213 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Time-to-digital converter (TDC) digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) field programmable gate array (FPGA) phase lock loop (PLL) dynamic phase shift (DPS) carry chain (CC) Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Time-to-digital converter (TDC) digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) field programmable gate array (FPGA) phase lock loop (PLL) dynamic phase shift (DPS) carry chain (CC) Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Noeloikeau F. Charlot Daniel J. Gauthier Andrew Pomerance High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA
description	We introduce the waveform capture device (WCD), a flexible measurement system capable of recording complex digital signals on trillionth-of-a-second (ps) time scales. The WCD is implemented via modular code on an off-the-shelf field-programmable gate-array (FPGA, Intel/Altera Cyclone V), and incorporates both time-to-digital converter (TDC) and digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) functionality. The device captures a waveform by taking snapshots of a signal as it propagates down an ultra-fast transmission line known as a carry chain (CC). It is calibrated via a novel dynamic phase-shifting (DPS) method that requires substantially less data and resources than the state-of-the-art. Using DPS, we find the measurement resolution - or mean propagation delay from one CC element to the next - to be 4.91±0.04 ps (4.54±0.02 ps) for a pulse of logic high (low). Similarly, we find the single-shot precision - or mean error on the timing of the waveform - to be 29.52 ps (27.14 ps) for pulses of logic high (low). We verify these findings by reproducing commercial oscilloscope measurements of asynchronous ring-oscillators on FPGAs, finding the mean pulse width to be 0.240 ± 0.002 ns per inverter gate. Finally, we present a careful analysis of design constraints, introduce a novel error correction algorithm, and sketch a simple extension to the analog domain. We also provide the Verilog code instantiating our design’s hardware primitives in an Appendix, and make our FPGA interfacing methods available as an open-source Python library at <uri>https://github.com/Noeloikeau/fpyga</uri>.
format	article
author	Noeloikeau F. Charlot Daniel J. Gauthier Andrew Pomerance
author_facet	Noeloikeau F. Charlot Daniel J. Gauthier Andrew Pomerance
author_sort	Noeloikeau F. Charlot
title	High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA
title_short	High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA
title_full	High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA
title_fullStr	High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA
title_full_unstemmed	High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA
title_sort	high-resolution waveform capture device on a cyclone-v fpga
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/08a31150e08846ccabe15a6b249f7a81
work_keys_str_mv	AT noeloikeaufcharlot highresolutionwaveformcapturedeviceonacyclonevfpga AT danieljgauthier highresolutionwaveformcapturedeviceonacyclonevfpga AT andrewpomerance highresolutionwaveformcapturedeviceonacyclonevfpga
_version_	1718441357865910272

High-Resolution Waveform Capture Device on a Cyclone-V FPGA

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