Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy

<i>Background:</i> Cerebral palsy (CP) is not a defined, separate disease classification, but a set of etiologically diverse symptoms that change with the child’s age. According to the up-to-date definition, CP is a group of permanent but not unchanging disorders of movement and/or postu...

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Autores principales:	Małgorzata Sadowska, Beata Sarecka-Hujar, Ilona Kopyta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cerebral palsy children risk factors Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/08c34098dbda4456be7a5258803983ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:08c34098dbda4456be7a5258803983ef2021-11-25T16:57:36ZAnalysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy10.3390/brainsci111114482076-3425https://doaj.org/article/08c34098dbda4456be7a5258803983ef2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1448https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425<i>Background:</i> Cerebral palsy (CP) is not a defined, separate disease classification, but a set of etiologically diverse symptoms that change with the child’s age. According to the up-to-date definition, CP is a group of permanent but not unchanging disorders of movement and/or posture and motor function, which are due to a nonprogressive interference, lesion, or abnormality of the developing/immature brain. CP is one of the most frequent causes of motor disability in children. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether selected risk factors may vary depending on particular types of CP. <i>Methods:</i> 181 children with CP (aged 4–17 years), hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology in Katowice in the years 2008–2016 were retrospectively analyzed in the present study. The assumed risk factors of CP were divided into two groups: 1—pre-conception and prenatal (mother’s age, family history of epilepsy, burdened obstetric history, mother’s systemic diseases, pregnancy order, multiple pregnancy, duration of pregnancy, bleedings from the genital tract during gestation, arterial hypertension during pregnancy, infections during pregnancy, preterm contractions, maintained pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, abruptio placentae, and others), 2—perinatal and postnatal (mode of delivery, birth weight, Apgar score at the first and fifth minute, neonatal convulsions, respiratory failure, infections in neonatal and infant period, and intraventricular bleeding). The division into particular CP types was based on Ingram’s classification. <i>Results:</i> The following risk factors were the most frequent in the total group: respiratory failure, infections, intraventricular bleeding, and prematurity. Among the analyzed preconception and prenatal factors, the duration of pregnancy and preterm contractions during pregnancy significantly differentiated the subgroups of patients depending on the type of CP. The prevalence of almost all analyzed perinatal, neonatal, and infant-related risk factors (i.e., birth weight, Apgar score at the first and fifth minute, neonatal convulsions, respiratory failure, infections in neonatal and infant period, and intraventricular bleeding) significantly differed between CP types, apart from the mode of delivery. However, in multivariate regression, only intraventricular bleeding was an independent predictor for tetraplegic CP type when compared to joined extrapyramidal and ataxic types (OR = 2.801, <i>p</i> = 0.028). <i>Conclusions:</i> As CP is a syndrome of multifactorial etiology, the identification of CP risk factors entails the need for careful observation and comprehensive care of children in the risk group. The presence of certain risk factors may be a prognostic indicator for particular types of CP. The knowledge about the association between the risk factor(s) and the CP type could be a very useful tool for pediatricians looking after the child at risk of developmental disorders.Małgorzata SadowskaBeata Sarecka-HujarIlona KopytaMDPI AGarticlecerebral palsychildrenrisk factorsNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1448, p 1448 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cerebral palsy children risk factors Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	cerebral palsy children risk factors Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Małgorzata Sadowska Beata Sarecka-Hujar Ilona Kopyta Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy
description	<i>Background:</i> Cerebral palsy (CP) is not a defined, separate disease classification, but a set of etiologically diverse symptoms that change with the child’s age. According to the up-to-date definition, CP is a group of permanent but not unchanging disorders of movement and/or posture and motor function, which are due to a nonprogressive interference, lesion, or abnormality of the developing/immature brain. CP is one of the most frequent causes of motor disability in children. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether selected risk factors may vary depending on particular types of CP. <i>Methods:</i> 181 children with CP (aged 4–17 years), hospitalized at the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology in Katowice in the years 2008–2016 were retrospectively analyzed in the present study. The assumed risk factors of CP were divided into two groups: 1—pre-conception and prenatal (mother’s age, family history of epilepsy, burdened obstetric history, mother’s systemic diseases, pregnancy order, multiple pregnancy, duration of pregnancy, bleedings from the genital tract during gestation, arterial hypertension during pregnancy, infections during pregnancy, preterm contractions, maintained pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, abruptio placentae, and others), 2—perinatal and postnatal (mode of delivery, birth weight, Apgar score at the first and fifth minute, neonatal convulsions, respiratory failure, infections in neonatal and infant period, and intraventricular bleeding). The division into particular CP types was based on Ingram’s classification. <i>Results:</i> The following risk factors were the most frequent in the total group: respiratory failure, infections, intraventricular bleeding, and prematurity. Among the analyzed preconception and prenatal factors, the duration of pregnancy and preterm contractions during pregnancy significantly differentiated the subgroups of patients depending on the type of CP. The prevalence of almost all analyzed perinatal, neonatal, and infant-related risk factors (i.e., birth weight, Apgar score at the first and fifth minute, neonatal convulsions, respiratory failure, infections in neonatal and infant period, and intraventricular bleeding) significantly differed between CP types, apart from the mode of delivery. However, in multivariate regression, only intraventricular bleeding was an independent predictor for tetraplegic CP type when compared to joined extrapyramidal and ataxic types (OR = 2.801, <i>p</i> = 0.028). <i>Conclusions:</i> As CP is a syndrome of multifactorial etiology, the identification of CP risk factors entails the need for careful observation and comprehensive care of children in the risk group. The presence of certain risk factors may be a prognostic indicator for particular types of CP. The knowledge about the association between the risk factor(s) and the CP type could be a very useful tool for pediatricians looking after the child at risk of developmental disorders.
format	article
author	Małgorzata Sadowska Beata Sarecka-Hujar Ilona Kopyta
author_facet	Małgorzata Sadowska Beata Sarecka-Hujar Ilona Kopyta
author_sort	Małgorzata Sadowska
title	Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy
title_short	Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy
title_full	Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy
title_fullStr	Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy
title_sort	analysis of selected risk factors depending on the type of cerebral palsy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/08c34098dbda4456be7a5258803983ef
work_keys_str_mv	AT małgorzatasadowska analysisofselectedriskfactorsdependingonthetypeofcerebralpalsy AT beatasareckahujar analysisofselectedriskfactorsdependingonthetypeofcerebralpalsy AT ilonakopyta analysisofselectedriskfactorsdependingonthetypeofcerebralpalsy
_version_	1718412817164402688

Analysis of Selected Risk Factors Depending on the Type of Cerebral Palsy

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