Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan

Climate change affects precipitation patterns and seasonal temperatures and disrupts the development and distribution of organisms. In the obligate mutualism between Ficus trees (Moraceae) and ﬁg wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), the trees live mostly in the tropics and rely on short-lived pollinators...

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Autores principales:	Yun-Peng Chiang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Lien-Siang Chou, Anthony Bain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	National Taiwan University 2021
Materias:	ficus subpisocarpa ficus caulocarpa phenology sympatric climate change Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/08e903a8e10b47d8a7bea954d828029c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:08e903a8e10b47d8a7bea954d828029c2021-11-26T02:08:20ZAdaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan10.6165/tai.2021.66.5610372-333Xhttps://doaj.org/article/08e903a8e10b47d8a7bea954d828029c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract.php?type=abstract&id=1793https://doaj.org/toc/0372-333XClimate change affects precipitation patterns and seasonal temperatures and disrupts the development and distribution of organisms. In the obligate mutualism between Ficus trees (Moraceae) and ﬁg wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), the trees live mostly in the tropics and rely on short-lived pollinators, and climate change challenges this relationship. In this study, a 25-month phenological survey of Ficus subpisocarpa and Ficus caulocarpa, closely related sympatric Ficus species with different suitable development areas, was conducted in tropical southern Taiwan. The effects of temperature-related meteorological factors were analyzed and compared with data obtained previously for trees in northern Taiwan to identify possible phenological trends caused by climate change. The results revealed that the phenological characteristics of the two Ficus in southern Taiwan are similar to those in northern Taiwan; however, the trees exhibited stronger correlations with meteorological factors in northern Taiwan. In southern Taiwan, the onset of fig crops for the two species was not related to any meteorological variable, and the trees produced figs throughout the year. The leaf changing in southern Taiwan followed no seasonal pattern, and only the renewal of leaves in F. subpisocarpa trees was linked to seasonal increases in temperature. The lowest temperature in northern Taiwan might effect F. subpisocarpa and F. caulocarpa trees to drop their leaves at the same period. Fig trees are likely resilient to climate change and can maintain their mutualism in a warming climate in the near future.Yun-Peng ChiangHsy-Yu TzengLien-Siang ChouAnthony BainNational Taiwan Universityarticleficus subpisocarpaficus caulocarpaphenologysympatricclimate changeBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENTaiwania, Vol 66, Iss 4, Pp 561-568 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ficus subpisocarpa ficus caulocarpa phenology sympatric climate change Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	ficus subpisocarpa ficus caulocarpa phenology sympatric climate change Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Yun-Peng Chiang Hsy-Yu Tzeng Lien-Siang Chou Anthony Bain Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan
description	Climate change affects precipitation patterns and seasonal temperatures and disrupts the development and distribution of organisms. In the obligate mutualism between Ficus trees (Moraceae) and ﬁg wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), the trees live mostly in the tropics and rely on short-lived pollinators, and climate change challenges this relationship. In this study, a 25-month phenological survey of Ficus subpisocarpa and Ficus caulocarpa, closely related sympatric Ficus species with different suitable development areas, was conducted in tropical southern Taiwan. The effects of temperature-related meteorological factors were analyzed and compared with data obtained previously for trees in northern Taiwan to identify possible phenological trends caused by climate change. The results revealed that the phenological characteristics of the two Ficus in southern Taiwan are similar to those in northern Taiwan; however, the trees exhibited stronger correlations with meteorological factors in northern Taiwan. In southern Taiwan, the onset of fig crops for the two species was not related to any meteorological variable, and the trees produced figs throughout the year. The leaf changing in southern Taiwan followed no seasonal pattern, and only the renewal of leaves in F. subpisocarpa trees was linked to seasonal increases in temperature. The lowest temperature in northern Taiwan might effect F. subpisocarpa and F. caulocarpa trees to drop their leaves at the same period. Fig trees are likely resilient to climate change and can maintain their mutualism in a warming climate in the near future.
format	article
author	Yun-Peng Chiang Hsy-Yu Tzeng Lien-Siang Chou Anthony Bain
author_facet	Yun-Peng Chiang Hsy-Yu Tzeng Lien-Siang Chou Anthony Bain
author_sort	Yun-Peng Chiang
title	Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan
title_short	Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan
title_full	Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan
title_fullStr	Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed	Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan
title_sort	adaptation in a changing climate: the phenology of two closely related sympatric ficus species in taiwan
publisher	National Taiwan University
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/08e903a8e10b47d8a7bea954d828029c
work_keys_str_mv	AT yunpengchiang adaptationinachangingclimatethephenologyoftwocloselyrelatedsympatricficusspeciesintaiwan AT hsyyutzeng adaptationinachangingclimatethephenologyoftwocloselyrelatedsympatricficusspeciesintaiwan AT liensiangchou adaptationinachangingclimatethephenologyoftwocloselyrelatedsympatricficusspeciesintaiwan AT anthonybain adaptationinachangingclimatethephenologyoftwocloselyrelatedsympatricficusspeciesintaiwan
_version_	1718409946594279424

Adaptation in a changing climate: The phenology of two closely related sympatric Ficus species in Taiwan

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