Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players

Faith S Luyster,1 Reginald E Dunn,2 Diane S Lauderdale,3 Mercedes R Carnethon,4 Andrew M Tucker,5 Robert A Vogel,6 Andrew E Lincoln,2 Kristen L Knutson,7 Elliot J Pellman,8–10 Patrick J Strollo Jr11 1School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 2Sports Medicine Research Cen...

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Autores principales:	Luyster FS, Dunn RE, Lauderdale DS, Carnethon MR, Tucker AM, Vogel RA, Lincoln AE, Knutson KL, Pellman EJ, Strollo Jr PJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	sleep apnea cardiovascular risk coronary artery calcium national football league Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/08f27e6b360c44cf8b213910078fb21d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:08f27e6b360c44cf8b213910078fb21d2021-12-02T00:26:33ZSleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/08f27e6b360c44cf8b213910078fb21d2017-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/sleep-apnea-risk-and-subclinical-atherosclerosis-in-early-middle-aged--peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Faith S Luyster,1 Reginald E Dunn,2 Diane S Lauderdale,3 Mercedes R Carnethon,4 Andrew M Tucker,5 Robert A Vogel,6 Andrew E Lincoln,2 Kristen L Knutson,7 Elliot J Pellman,8–10 Patrick J Strollo Jr11 1School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 2Sports Medicine Research Center, MedStar Health Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, 3Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 5MedStar Sports Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 6Cardiology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, 7Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 8ProHealth Care Associates, Lake Success, 9Department of Medicine, 10Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 11Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Purpose: Limited data from former National Football League (NFL) players suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be highly prevalent after retirement. It remains unclear whether the high prevalence of OSA in retired players is comparable to nonathletes. This retrospective analysis compared sleep apnea (SA) risk in retired NFL players to a community cohort (CARDIA Sleep study), and examined associations between SA risk and cardiovascular risk factors, including subclinical atherosclerosis.Materials and methods: Retired NFL players (n=122) were matched to CARDIA Sleep participants by age ±2 years (range 37–55 years), body mass index ±2 kg/m2, race, and male sex. Participants underwent electron-beam computed tomography to measure coronary artery calcium (CAC) and completed the Berlin Questionnaire to determine SA risk. The presence of CAC was defined as an Agatston score >0.Results: Retired NFL players had a greater prevalence of high SA risk than the matched CARDIA Sleep participants (27% vs 11.5%, P=0.002). Compared to the CARDIA Sleep participants, retired players were less likely to smoke, and had higher blood pressure, lower fasting glucose levels, and higher cholesterol levels. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of detectable CAC (30% vs 30%, P=1). In both players and the community cohort, SA risk was not significantly associated with CAC after controlling for age, race, and body mass index.Conclusion: Retired NFL players have a greater prevalence of high SA risk but similar prevalence of CAC compared with a well-matched community cohort.Keywords: sleep apnea, cardiovascular risk, coronary artery calcium, national football leagueLuyster FSDunn RELauderdale DSCarnethon MRTucker AMVogel RALincoln AEKnutson KLPellman EJStrollo Jr PJDove Medical Pressarticlesleep apneacardiovascular riskcoronary artery calciumnational football leaguePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 9, Pp 31-38 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sleep apnea cardiovascular risk coronary artery calcium national football league Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	sleep apnea cardiovascular risk coronary artery calcium national football league Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Luyster FS Dunn RE Lauderdale DS Carnethon MR Tucker AM Vogel RA Lincoln AE Knutson KL Pellman EJ Strollo Jr PJ Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players
description	Faith S Luyster,1 Reginald E Dunn,2 Diane S Lauderdale,3 Mercedes R Carnethon,4 Andrew M Tucker,5 Robert A Vogel,6 Andrew E Lincoln,2 Kristen L Knutson,7 Elliot J Pellman,8–10 Patrick J Strollo Jr11 1School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 2Sports Medicine Research Center, MedStar Health Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, 3Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 4Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 5MedStar Sports Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 6Cardiology Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, 7Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 8ProHealth Care Associates, Lake Success, 9Department of Medicine, 10Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 11Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Purpose: Limited data from former National Football League (NFL) players suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be highly prevalent after retirement. It remains unclear whether the high prevalence of OSA in retired players is comparable to nonathletes. This retrospective analysis compared sleep apnea (SA) risk in retired NFL players to a community cohort (CARDIA Sleep study), and examined associations between SA risk and cardiovascular risk factors, including subclinical atherosclerosis.Materials and methods: Retired NFL players (n=122) were matched to CARDIA Sleep participants by age ±2 years (range 37–55 years), body mass index ±2 kg/m2, race, and male sex. Participants underwent electron-beam computed tomography to measure coronary artery calcium (CAC) and completed the Berlin Questionnaire to determine SA risk. The presence of CAC was defined as an Agatston score >0.Results: Retired NFL players had a greater prevalence of high SA risk than the matched CARDIA Sleep participants (27% vs 11.5%, P=0.002). Compared to the CARDIA Sleep participants, retired players were less likely to smoke, and had higher blood pressure, lower fasting glucose levels, and higher cholesterol levels. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of detectable CAC (30% vs 30%, P=1). In both players and the community cohort, SA risk was not significantly associated with CAC after controlling for age, race, and body mass index.Conclusion: Retired NFL players have a greater prevalence of high SA risk but similar prevalence of CAC compared with a well-matched community cohort.Keywords: sleep apnea, cardiovascular risk, coronary artery calcium, national football league
format	article
author	Luyster FS Dunn RE Lauderdale DS Carnethon MR Tucker AM Vogel RA Lincoln AE Knutson KL Pellman EJ Strollo Jr PJ
author_facet	Luyster FS Dunn RE Lauderdale DS Carnethon MR Tucker AM Vogel RA Lincoln AE Knutson KL Pellman EJ Strollo Jr PJ
author_sort	Luyster FS
title	Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players
title_short	Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players
title_full	Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players
title_fullStr	Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players
title_full_unstemmed	Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players
title_sort	sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired national football league players
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/08f27e6b360c44cf8b213910078fb21d
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Sleep-apnea risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in early-middle-aged retired National Football League players

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