The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.

In most species mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited maternally in an apparently clonal fashion, although how this is achieved remains uncertain. Population genetic studies show not only that individuals can harbor more than one type of mtDNA (heteroplasmy) but that heteroplasmy is common and wide...

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Autores principales:	Jonci N Wolff, Daniel J White, Michael Woodhams, Helen E White, Neil J Gemmell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/08f37efbc72c4723bf8963e23a51e836
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:08f37efbc72c4723bf8963e23a51e8362021-11-18T06:52:55ZThe strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0020522https://doaj.org/article/08f37efbc72c4723bf8963e23a51e8362011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21655224/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In most species mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited maternally in an apparently clonal fashion, although how this is achieved remains uncertain. Population genetic studies show not only that individuals can harbor more than one type of mtDNA (heteroplasmy) but that heteroplasmy is common and widespread across a diversity of taxa. Females harboring a mixture of mtDNAs may transmit varying proportions of each mtDNA type (haplotype) to their offspring. However, mtDNA variants are also observed to segregate rapidly between generations despite the high mtDNA copy number in the oocyte, which suggests a genetic bottleneck acts during mtDNA transmission. Understanding the size and timing of this bottleneck is important for interpreting population genetic relationships and for predicting the inheritance of mtDNA based disease, but despite its importance the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Empirical studies, restricted to mice, have shown that the mtDNA bottleneck could act either at embryogenesis, oogenesis or both. To investigate whether the size and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck is conserved between distant vertebrates, we measured the genetic variance in mtDNA heteroplasmy at three developmental stages (female, ova and fry) in chinook salmon and applied a new mathematical model to estimate the number of segregating units (N(e)) of the mitochondrial bottleneck between each stage. Using these data we estimate values for mtDNA Ne of 88.3 for oogenesis, and 80.3 for embryogenesis. Our results confirm the presence of a mitochondrial bottleneck in fish, and show that segregation of mtDNA variation is effectively complete by the end of oogenesis. Considering the extensive differences in reproductive physiology between fish and mammals, our results suggest the mechanism underlying the mtDNA bottleneck is conserved in these distant vertebrates both in terms of it magnitude and timing. This finding may lead to improvements in our understanding of mitochondrial disorders and population interpretations using mtDNA data.Jonci N WolffDaniel J WhiteMichael WoodhamsHelen E WhiteNeil J GemmellPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 5, p e20522 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jonci N Wolff Daniel J White Michael Woodhams Helen E White Neil J Gemmell The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
description	In most species mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited maternally in an apparently clonal fashion, although how this is achieved remains uncertain. Population genetic studies show not only that individuals can harbor more than one type of mtDNA (heteroplasmy) but that heteroplasmy is common and widespread across a diversity of taxa. Females harboring a mixture of mtDNAs may transmit varying proportions of each mtDNA type (haplotype) to their offspring. However, mtDNA variants are also observed to segregate rapidly between generations despite the high mtDNA copy number in the oocyte, which suggests a genetic bottleneck acts during mtDNA transmission. Understanding the size and timing of this bottleneck is important for interpreting population genetic relationships and for predicting the inheritance of mtDNA based disease, but despite its importance the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Empirical studies, restricted to mice, have shown that the mtDNA bottleneck could act either at embryogenesis, oogenesis or both. To investigate whether the size and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck is conserved between distant vertebrates, we measured the genetic variance in mtDNA heteroplasmy at three developmental stages (female, ova and fry) in chinook salmon and applied a new mathematical model to estimate the number of segregating units (N(e)) of the mitochondrial bottleneck between each stage. Using these data we estimate values for mtDNA Ne of 88.3 for oogenesis, and 80.3 for embryogenesis. Our results confirm the presence of a mitochondrial bottleneck in fish, and show that segregation of mtDNA variation is effectively complete by the end of oogenesis. Considering the extensive differences in reproductive physiology between fish and mammals, our results suggest the mechanism underlying the mtDNA bottleneck is conserved in these distant vertebrates both in terms of it magnitude and timing. This finding may lead to improvements in our understanding of mitochondrial disorders and population interpretations using mtDNA data.
format	article
author	Jonci N Wolff Daniel J White Michael Woodhams Helen E White Neil J Gemmell
author_facet	Jonci N Wolff Daniel J White Michael Woodhams Helen E White Neil J Gemmell
author_sort	Jonci N Wolff
title	The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
title_short	The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
title_full	The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
title_fullStr	The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
title_full_unstemmed	The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
title_sort	strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/08f37efbc72c4723bf8963e23a51e836
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The strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates.

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