Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage

Background. Data on long-term outcomes in the era before therapeutic hypothermia (TH) showed a higher incidence of cognitive problems. Since the introduction of TH, data on its results are limited. Methods. Our sample population consisted of 40 children with a history of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopa...

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Autores principales:	Elisa Cainelli, Luca Vedovelli, Emmanuele Mastretta, Dario Gregori, Agnese Suppiej, Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	perinatal asphyxia cognition neuropsychological psychopathology children Pediatrics RJ1-570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/090e860fbf9e4cf29d7a0555a8f3b6b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:090e860fbf9e4cf29d7a0555a8f3b6b82021-11-25T17:15:13ZLong-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage10.3390/children81110762227-9067https://doaj.org/article/090e860fbf9e4cf29d7a0555a8f3b6b82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/11/1076https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9067Background. Data on long-term outcomes in the era before therapeutic hypothermia (TH) showed a higher incidence of cognitive problems. Since the introduction of TH, data on its results are limited. Methods. Our sample population consisted of 40 children with a history of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with TH, with an average age of 6.25 years (range 5.5, 7.33), 24 (60%) males; and 33 peers with an average age of 8.8 years (6.08, 9.41), 17 (51%) males. Long-term follow-up data belong to two centers in Padova and Torino. We measured general intelligence (WPPSI-III or WISC-IV) and neuropsychological functioning (language, attention, memory, executive functions, social skills, visual motor abilities). We also administered questionnaires to their parents on the children’s psychopathological profiles and parental stress. Results. We found differences between groups in several cognitive and neuropsychological domains: intelligence, visuomotor skills, executive functions, and attention. Interestingly, IQ test results effectively differentiated between the groups (HIE vs. controls). Furthermore, the incidence of psychopathology appears to be significantly higher in children with HIE (35%) than in control peers (12%). Conclusions. Our study supports previous findings on a higher incidence of neuropsychological, cognitive, and psychopathological sequelae after HIE treated with TH. As hypothesized, TH does not appear to ameliorate the outcome after neonatal HIE in those children who survive without major sequelae.Elisa CainelliLuca VedovelliEmmanuele MastrettaDario GregoriAgnese SuppiejPatrizia Silvia BisiacchiMDPI AGarticleperinatal asphyxiacognitionneuropsychologicalpsychopathologychildrenPediatricsRJ1-570ENChildren, Vol 8, Iss 1076, p 1076 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	perinatal asphyxia cognition neuropsychological psychopathology children Pediatrics RJ1-570
spellingShingle	perinatal asphyxia cognition neuropsychological psychopathology children Pediatrics RJ1-570 Elisa Cainelli Luca Vedovelli Emmanuele Mastretta Dario Gregori Agnese Suppiej Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage
description	Background. Data on long-term outcomes in the era before therapeutic hypothermia (TH) showed a higher incidence of cognitive problems. Since the introduction of TH, data on its results are limited. Methods. Our sample population consisted of 40 children with a history of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with TH, with an average age of 6.25 years (range 5.5, 7.33), 24 (60%) males; and 33 peers with an average age of 8.8 years (6.08, 9.41), 17 (51%) males. Long-term follow-up data belong to two centers in Padova and Torino. We measured general intelligence (WPPSI-III or WISC-IV) and neuropsychological functioning (language, attention, memory, executive functions, social skills, visual motor abilities). We also administered questionnaires to their parents on the children’s psychopathological profiles and parental stress. Results. We found differences between groups in several cognitive and neuropsychological domains: intelligence, visuomotor skills, executive functions, and attention. Interestingly, IQ test results effectively differentiated between the groups (HIE vs. controls). Furthermore, the incidence of psychopathology appears to be significantly higher in children with HIE (35%) than in control peers (12%). Conclusions. Our study supports previous findings on a higher incidence of neuropsychological, cognitive, and psychopathological sequelae after HIE treated with TH. As hypothesized, TH does not appear to ameliorate the outcome after neonatal HIE in those children who survive without major sequelae.
format	article
author	Elisa Cainelli Luca Vedovelli Emmanuele Mastretta Dario Gregori Agnese Suppiej Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi
author_facet	Elisa Cainelli Luca Vedovelli Emmanuele Mastretta Dario Gregori Agnese Suppiej Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi
author_sort	Elisa Cainelli
title	Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage
title_short	Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage
title_full	Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage
title_fullStr	Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage
title_full_unstemmed	Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage
title_sort	long-term outcomes after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the era of therapeutic hypothermia: a longitudinal, prospective, multicenter case-control study in children without overt brain damage
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/090e860fbf9e4cf29d7a0555a8f3b6b8
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Long-Term Outcomes after Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Multicenter Case-Control Study in Children without Overt Brain Damage

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