Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)

Bacterial infections in fish farms increase mass mortality and rapid detection of infection can help prevent its widespread. Lactate is an important biomarker for early diagnosis of bacterial infections in farmed olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>). To determine the lactate le...

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Autores principales:	Thenmozhi Rajarathinam, Seonghye Kim, Dinakaran Thirumalai, Sujin Lee, Minho Kwon, Hyun-jong Paik, Suhkmann Kim, Seung-Cheol Chang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	amperometric biosensor metabolic biomarker lactate nanozyme–enzyme nanosheets <i>Streptococcus parauberis</i> Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/092b93a50d6c48f7b818b4f7cd0807d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:092b93a50d6c48f7b818b4f7cd0807d72021-11-25T16:55:24ZRobust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)10.3390/bios111104392079-6374https://doaj.org/article/092b93a50d6c48f7b818b4f7cd0807d72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/11/439https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6374Bacterial infections in fish farms increase mass mortality and rapid detection of infection can help prevent its widespread. Lactate is an important biomarker for early diagnosis of bacterial infections in farmed olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>). To determine the lactate levels, we designed a disposable amperometric biosensor based on Prussian blue nanozyme and lactate oxidase (LOX) entrapped in copolymer-reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) on screen-printed carbon electrodes. Because LOX is inherently unstable, P-rGO nanosheets were utilized as a base matrix to immobilize it. After optimization in terms of enzyme loading, operating potential, and pH, the biosensor displayed maximum current responses within 5 s at the applied potential of –0.1 V vs. internal Ag/AgCl. The biosensor had Langmuir-type response in the lactate concentration range from 10 µM to 1.6 mM, a dynamic linear response range of 10–100 µM, a sensitivity of 15.9 µA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, and a lower detection limit of 3.1 µM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the biosensor featured high reproducibility, good selectivity, and stability till four weeks. Its practical applicability was tested in olive flounder infected by <i>Streptococcus parauberis</i> against the uninfected control. The results were satisfactory compared to those of a standard colorimetric assay kit, validating our method.Thenmozhi RajarathinamSeonghye KimDinakaran ThirumalaiSujin LeeMinho KwonHyun-jong PaikSuhkmann KimSeung-Cheol ChangMDPI AGarticleamperometric biosensormetabolic biomarkerlactatenanozyme–enzyme nanosheets<i>Streptococcus parauberis</i>BiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65ENBiosensors, Vol 11, Iss 439, p 439 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	amperometric biosensor metabolic biomarker lactate nanozyme–enzyme nanosheets <i>Streptococcus parauberis</i> Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
spellingShingle	amperometric biosensor metabolic biomarker lactate nanozyme–enzyme nanosheets <i>Streptococcus parauberis</i> Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Thenmozhi Rajarathinam Seonghye Kim Dinakaran Thirumalai Sujin Lee Minho Kwon Hyun-jong Paik Suhkmann Kim Seung-Cheol Chang Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)
description	Bacterial infections in fish farms increase mass mortality and rapid detection of infection can help prevent its widespread. Lactate is an important biomarker for early diagnosis of bacterial infections in farmed olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>). To determine the lactate levels, we designed a disposable amperometric biosensor based on Prussian blue nanozyme and lactate oxidase (LOX) entrapped in copolymer-reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) on screen-printed carbon electrodes. Because LOX is inherently unstable, P-rGO nanosheets were utilized as a base matrix to immobilize it. After optimization in terms of enzyme loading, operating potential, and pH, the biosensor displayed maximum current responses within 5 s at the applied potential of –0.1 V vs. internal Ag/AgCl. The biosensor had Langmuir-type response in the lactate concentration range from 10 µM to 1.6 mM, a dynamic linear response range of 10–100 µM, a sensitivity of 15.9 µA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, and a lower detection limit of 3.1 µM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the biosensor featured high reproducibility, good selectivity, and stability till four weeks. Its practical applicability was tested in olive flounder infected by <i>Streptococcus parauberis</i> against the uninfected control. The results were satisfactory compared to those of a standard colorimetric assay kit, validating our method.
format	article
author	Thenmozhi Rajarathinam Seonghye Kim Dinakaran Thirumalai Sujin Lee Minho Kwon Hyun-jong Paik Suhkmann Kim Seung-Cheol Chang
author_facet	Thenmozhi Rajarathinam Seonghye Kim Dinakaran Thirumalai Sujin Lee Minho Kwon Hyun-jong Paik Suhkmann Kim Seung-Cheol Chang
author_sort	Thenmozhi Rajarathinam
title	Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)
title_short	Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)
title_full	Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)
title_fullStr	Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)
title_full_unstemmed	Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)
title_sort	robust nanozyme-enzyme nanosheets-based lactate biosensor for diagnosing bacterial infection in olive flounder (<i>paralichthys olivaceus</i>)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/092b93a50d6c48f7b818b4f7cd0807d7
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Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)

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