Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development

Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the primary component of the human serum antibody fraction, representing about 75% of the immunoglobulins and 10–20% of the total circulating plasma proteins. Generally, IgG sequences are highly conserved, yet the four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, differ in...

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Autores principales:	Said Kdimati, Christina Susanne Mullins, Michael Linnebacher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	tumor-derived IgG tumor marker tumor neoantigens cancer-cell-derived IgG Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0945bfba7bee4271a456209a89915468
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0945bfba7bee4271a456209a899154682021-11-11T17:04:36ZCancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development10.3390/ijms2221115971422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/0945bfba7bee4271a456209a899154682021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11597https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the primary component of the human serum antibody fraction, representing about 75% of the immunoglobulins and 10–20% of the total circulating plasma proteins. Generally, IgG sequences are highly conserved, yet the four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, differ in their physiological effector functions by binding to different IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). Thus, despite a similarity of about 90% on the amino acid level, each subclass possesses a unique manner of antigen binding and immune complex formation. Triggering FcγR-expressing cells results in a wide range of responses, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and complement activation. Textbook knowledge implies that only B lymphocytes are capable of producing antibodies, which recognize specific antigenic structures derived from pathogens and infected endogenous or tumorigenic cells. Here, we review recent discoveries, including our own observations, about misplaced IgG expression in tumor cells. Various studies described the presence of IgG in tumor cells using immunohistology and established correlations between high antibody levels and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and poor clinical prognosis for the respective tumor patients. Furthermore, blocking tumor-cell-derived IgG inhibited tumor cells. Tumor-cell-derived IgG might impede antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by binding antigens while, at the same time, lacking the capacity for complement activation. These findings recommend tumor-cell-derived IgG as a potential therapeutic target. The observed uniqueness of Ig heavy chains expressed by tumor cells, using PCR with V(D)J rearrangement specific primers, suggests that this specific part of IgG may additionally play a role as a potential tumor marker and, thus, also qualify for the neoantigen category.Said KdimatiChristina Susanne MullinsMichael LinnebacherMDPI AGarticletumor-derived IgGtumor markertumor neoantigenscancer-cell-derived IgGBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11597, p 11597 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tumor-derived IgG tumor marker tumor neoantigens cancer-cell-derived IgG Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	tumor-derived IgG tumor marker tumor neoantigens cancer-cell-derived IgG Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Said Kdimati Christina Susanne Mullins Michael Linnebacher Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development
description	Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the primary component of the human serum antibody fraction, representing about 75% of the immunoglobulins and 10–20% of the total circulating plasma proteins. Generally, IgG sequences are highly conserved, yet the four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, differ in their physiological effector functions by binding to different IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). Thus, despite a similarity of about 90% on the amino acid level, each subclass possesses a unique manner of antigen binding and immune complex formation. Triggering FcγR-expressing cells results in a wide range of responses, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and complement activation. Textbook knowledge implies that only B lymphocytes are capable of producing antibodies, which recognize specific antigenic structures derived from pathogens and infected endogenous or tumorigenic cells. Here, we review recent discoveries, including our own observations, about misplaced IgG expression in tumor cells. Various studies described the presence of IgG in tumor cells using immunohistology and established correlations between high antibody levels and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and poor clinical prognosis for the respective tumor patients. Furthermore, blocking tumor-cell-derived IgG inhibited tumor cells. Tumor-cell-derived IgG might impede antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by binding antigens while, at the same time, lacking the capacity for complement activation. These findings recommend tumor-cell-derived IgG as a potential therapeutic target. The observed uniqueness of Ig heavy chains expressed by tumor cells, using PCR with V(D)J rearrangement specific primers, suggests that this specific part of IgG may additionally play a role as a potential tumor marker and, thus, also qualify for the neoantigen category.
format	article
author	Said Kdimati Christina Susanne Mullins Michael Linnebacher
author_facet	Said Kdimati Christina Susanne Mullins Michael Linnebacher
author_sort	Said Kdimati
title	Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development
title_short	Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development
title_full	Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development
title_fullStr	Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development
title_full_unstemmed	Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development
title_sort	cancer-cell-derived igg and its potential role in tumor development
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0945bfba7bee4271a456209a89915468
work_keys_str_mv	AT saidkdimati cancercellderivedigganditspotentialroleintumordevelopment AT christinasusannemullins cancercellderivedigganditspotentialroleintumordevelopment AT michaellinnebacher cancercellderivedigganditspotentialroleintumordevelopment
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Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development

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