Germination and Agronomic Traits of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Beans Sprayed with Trichoderma Strains and Attacked by Acanthoscelides obtectus

Acanthoscelides obtectus, one of the world’s most important post-harvest pests, attacks wild and cultivated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Four Trichoderma strains, Trichoderma arundinaceum IBT 40,837 (=Ta37), a wild-...

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Autores principales:	Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Marcos Guerra, Daniela Ramírez-Lozano, Pedro Antonio Casquero, Santiago Gutiérrez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bean weevil post-harvest pest biological control weight loss germination capacity agronomic traits Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0962db0bd9174313aab1ea5ecb1972c1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0962db0bd9174313aab1ea5ecb1972c12021-11-25T16:03:40ZGermination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>10.3390/agronomy111121302073-4395https://doaj.org/article/0962db0bd9174313aab1ea5ecb1972c12021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2130https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395<i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>, one of the world’s most important post-harvest pests, attacks wild and cultivated common beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.). Four <i>Trichoderma</i> strains, <i>Trichoderma arundinaceum</i> IBT 40,837 (=Ta37), a wild-type strain producer of trichothecene harzianum A (HA); two transformed strains of Ta37, Ta37-17.139 (Δ<i>tri17</i>) and Ta37-23.74 (Δ<i>tri23</i>); and <i>T. brevicompactum</i> IBT 40,841 (=Tb41), a wild-type strain producer of the trichothecene trichodermin, were evaluated to determine the effect of these compounds on the virulence of <i>A. obtectus</i> and the effect of these strains on the seed’s capacity of germination and on the agronomic traits of the plants grown from these seeds. Treatments of bean seeds with different <i>Trichoderma</i> strains provided varying survival rates in <i>A. obtectus</i> adults, so life survival of insects after Tb41 strain application was reduced to 15 days. Δ<i>tri17</i> and Tb41 strains sprayed on <i>P. vulgaris</i> beans resulted in low weight losses (1.21 and 1.55%, respectively). In spite of the low germination percentage of beans treated with Δ<i>tri23</i> strain (lower than the germination percentages of the rest of the fungal strains applied), this treatment encouraged a greater Wet Weight of Aerial Part of the plants grown from both damaged and undamaged beans. High germination rates of Ta37 and Δ<i>tri17</i> strains (higher than with the rest of treatments), did not turn into a greater Wet Weight Aerial Part and Wet Weight of Root System in the future plants developed. Linear regression between the number of exit holes and the wet weight aerial part on the one hand, and between the number of exit holes and the wet weight root system on the other, showed interaction, so Δ<i>tri23</i> and Tb41 strains behaved differently in comparison to their respective control treatments. The number of exit holes of beans treated with Δ<i>tri23</i> or Tb41 was negatively correlated with both the wet weight aerial part and the wet weight root system in <i>P. vulgaris</i> plants. Δ<i>tri23</i> sprayed on undamaged beans caused the greatest Wet Weight Aerial Part and wet weight root system in plants. Due to the good results obtained by Δ<i>tri23</i> and Tb41 strains in this work, more studies for <i>A. obtectus</i> control, <i>P. vulgaris</i> plant growth and trichothecenes production by these strains should be explored, in order to advance in the knowledge of how these fungi could be used in the field crop, together with the application of management strategies to mitigate risks for farmers and to minimize environmental contamination.Álvaro Rodríguez-GonzálezMarcos GuerraDaniela Ramírez-LozanoPedro Antonio CasqueroSantiago GutiérrezMDPI AGarticlebean weevilpost-harvest pestbiological controlweight lossgermination capacityagronomic traitsAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2130, p 2130 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bean weevil post-harvest pest biological control weight loss germination capacity agronomic traits Agriculture S
spellingShingle	bean weevil post-harvest pest biological control weight loss germination capacity agronomic traits Agriculture S Álvaro Rodríguez-González Marcos Guerra Daniela Ramírez-Lozano Pedro Antonio Casquero Santiago Gutiérrez Germination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>
description	<i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>, one of the world’s most important post-harvest pests, attacks wild and cultivated common beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.). Four <i>Trichoderma</i> strains, <i>Trichoderma arundinaceum</i> IBT 40,837 (=Ta37), a wild-type strain producer of trichothecene harzianum A (HA); two transformed strains of Ta37, Ta37-17.139 (Δ<i>tri17</i>) and Ta37-23.74 (Δ<i>tri23</i>); and <i>T. brevicompactum</i> IBT 40,841 (=Tb41), a wild-type strain producer of the trichothecene trichodermin, were evaluated to determine the effect of these compounds on the virulence of <i>A. obtectus</i> and the effect of these strains on the seed’s capacity of germination and on the agronomic traits of the plants grown from these seeds. Treatments of bean seeds with different <i>Trichoderma</i> strains provided varying survival rates in <i>A. obtectus</i> adults, so life survival of insects after Tb41 strain application was reduced to 15 days. Δ<i>tri17</i> and Tb41 strains sprayed on <i>P. vulgaris</i> beans resulted in low weight losses (1.21 and 1.55%, respectively). In spite of the low germination percentage of beans treated with Δ<i>tri23</i> strain (lower than the germination percentages of the rest of the fungal strains applied), this treatment encouraged a greater Wet Weight of Aerial Part of the plants grown from both damaged and undamaged beans. High germination rates of Ta37 and Δ<i>tri17</i> strains (higher than with the rest of treatments), did not turn into a greater Wet Weight Aerial Part and Wet Weight of Root System in the future plants developed. Linear regression between the number of exit holes and the wet weight aerial part on the one hand, and between the number of exit holes and the wet weight root system on the other, showed interaction, so Δ<i>tri23</i> and Tb41 strains behaved differently in comparison to their respective control treatments. The number of exit holes of beans treated with Δ<i>tri23</i> or Tb41 was negatively correlated with both the wet weight aerial part and the wet weight root system in <i>P. vulgaris</i> plants. Δ<i>tri23</i> sprayed on undamaged beans caused the greatest Wet Weight Aerial Part and wet weight root system in plants. Due to the good results obtained by Δ<i>tri23</i> and Tb41 strains in this work, more studies for <i>A. obtectus</i> control, <i>P. vulgaris</i> plant growth and trichothecenes production by these strains should be explored, in order to advance in the knowledge of how these fungi could be used in the field crop, together with the application of management strategies to mitigate risks for farmers and to minimize environmental contamination.
format	article
author	Álvaro Rodríguez-González Marcos Guerra Daniela Ramírez-Lozano Pedro Antonio Casquero Santiago Gutiérrez
author_facet	Álvaro Rodríguez-González Marcos Guerra Daniela Ramírez-Lozano Pedro Antonio Casquero Santiago Gutiérrez
author_sort	Álvaro Rodríguez-González
title	Germination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>
title_short	Germination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>
title_full	Germination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>
title_fullStr	Germination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Germination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>
title_sort	germination and agronomic traits of <i>phaseolus vulgaris</i> l. beans sprayed with <i>trichoderma</i> strains and attacked by <i>acanthoscelides obtectus</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0962db0bd9174313aab1ea5ecb1972c1
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Germination and Agronomic Traits of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. Beans Sprayed with <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Attacked by <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>

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