Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children

Julia Grünwald,1 Angelika Anita Schlarb2 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 2Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Objective...

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Autores principales:	Grünwald J, Schlarb AA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	ADHD sleep disorders insomnia nightmares Quality of Life Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09654f3f93d54028957d14a7c148f194
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09654f3f93d54028957d14a7c148f1942021-12-02T00:16:28ZRelationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/09654f3f93d54028957d14a7c148f1942017-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/relationship--between-subtypes-and-symptoms-of-adhd-insomnia-and-night-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Julia Grünwald,1 Angelika Anita Schlarb2 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 2Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Objectives: This study examined the links between sleep disorders and subtypes of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-inattention, ADHD-combined, ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive) in childhood. We set up a hypothetical model linking different symptoms of both disorders to construct the underlying and shared pathways. By examining a sample of children with ADHD we firstly tested parts of the model.Methods: A total of 72 children with symptoms of ADHD (aged 6–13 years; 79.2% boys) were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition in regards to ADHD and sleep disorders via standardized parent-rated questionnaires. Additionally, quality of life (QoL) was assessed. Overall, 46 children fulfilled the criteria of ADHD and were medication-naive.Results: On average, the whole sample had clinically elevated total scores of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire in the validated German version (CSHQ-DE), indicating an increased prevalence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD. In accordance to our hypothetical model, children with primarily hyperactive–impulsive ADHD showed the highest CSHQ-DE scores. Moreover, we found a high impact for insomnia in this subgroup and a high comorbid load for the mutual occurrence of insomnia and nightmares. Furthermore, QoL was reduced in our whole sample, and again intensified in children with comorbid insomnia and nightmares.Conclusion: We verified an elevated occurrence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD and were able to link them to specific subtypes of ADHD. These results were in line with our hypothetical model. Moreover, we found a clinically reduced QoL in mean for the whole sample, indicating the strong impact of ADHD in the lives of affected children, even intensified if children exhibited comorbid insomnia and nightmares. These results should be kept in mind regarding the treatment and therapy of this subgroup of children. Specific treatment strategies should be considered for these children. Keywords: impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, sleep disorders, childhood Grünwald JSchlarb AADove Medical PressarticleADHDsleep disordersinsomnianightmaresQuality of LifeNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 13, Pp 2341-2350 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ADHD sleep disorders insomnia nightmares Quality of Life Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	ADHD sleep disorders insomnia nightmares Quality of Life Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Grünwald J Schlarb AA Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children
description	Julia Grünwald,1 Angelika Anita Schlarb2 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 2Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Objectives: This study examined the links between sleep disorders and subtypes of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-inattention, ADHD-combined, ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive) in childhood. We set up a hypothetical model linking different symptoms of both disorders to construct the underlying and shared pathways. By examining a sample of children with ADHD we firstly tested parts of the model.Methods: A total of 72 children with symptoms of ADHD (aged 6–13 years; 79.2% boys) were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition in regards to ADHD and sleep disorders via standardized parent-rated questionnaires. Additionally, quality of life (QoL) was assessed. Overall, 46 children fulfilled the criteria of ADHD and were medication-naive.Results: On average, the whole sample had clinically elevated total scores of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire in the validated German version (CSHQ-DE), indicating an increased prevalence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD. In accordance to our hypothetical model, children with primarily hyperactive–impulsive ADHD showed the highest CSHQ-DE scores. Moreover, we found a high impact for insomnia in this subgroup and a high comorbid load for the mutual occurrence of insomnia and nightmares. Furthermore, QoL was reduced in our whole sample, and again intensified in children with comorbid insomnia and nightmares.Conclusion: We verified an elevated occurrence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD and were able to link them to specific subtypes of ADHD. These results were in line with our hypothetical model. Moreover, we found a clinically reduced QoL in mean for the whole sample, indicating the strong impact of ADHD in the lives of affected children, even intensified if children exhibited comorbid insomnia and nightmares. These results should be kept in mind regarding the treatment and therapy of this subgroup of children. Specific treatment strategies should be considered for these children. Keywords: impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, sleep disorders, childhood
format	article
author	Grünwald J Schlarb AA
author_facet	Grünwald J Schlarb AA
author_sort	Grünwald J
title	Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children
title_short	Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children
title_full	Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children
title_fullStr	Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children
title_full_unstemmed	Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children
title_sort	relationship between subtypes and symptoms of adhd, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/09654f3f93d54028957d14a7c148f194
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Relationship between subtypes and symptoms of ADHD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children

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