<i>Adenophora triphylla</i> var. <i>japonica</i> Inhibits <i>Candida</i> Biofilm Formation, Increases Susceptibility to Antifungal Agents and Reduces Infection
(1) Background: <i>Candida</i> is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide, but due to the limited option of antifungal therapies, alternative strategies are required. (2) Methods: <i>Adenophora triphylla</i> var. <i>japonica</i> extract was used for t...
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/0975c528a1fd4986881fa3f86c2e9350 |
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| Sumario: | (1) Background: <i>Candida</i> is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide, but due to the limited option of antifungal therapies, alternative strategies are required. (2) Methods: <i>Adenophora triphylla</i> var. <i>japonica</i> extract was used for the biofilm formation assay using RPMI1640. The combinatorial antifungal assay, the dimorphic transition assay, and the adherence assay were done to see the influence of inhibition of biofilm formation. qRT-PCR analysis were performed to check the gene expression. (3) Results: <i>Adenophora triphylla</i> var. <i>japonica</i> extract inhibited the <i>Candida</i> biofilm formation. Treatment of extract increased the antifungal susceptibility of miconazole from a 37% reduction in fungal growth to 99.05%, and also dose-dependently reduced the dimorphic transition of <i>Candida</i> and the attachment of <i>Candida</i> to HaCaT cells. The extract blocked the expression of hyphal-related genes, extracellular matrix genes, Ras1-cAMP-PKA pathway genes, Cph2-Tec1 pathway gene, and MAP kinase pathway gene. (4) Conclusions: In this study, the treatment of <i>Adenophora triphylla</i> var<i>. japonica</i> extract showed inhibition of fungal biofilm formation, activation of antifungal susceptibility, and reduction of infection. These results suggest that fungal biofilm formation is a good target for the development of antifungal adjuvants, and <i>Adenophora triphylla</i> var<i>. japonica</i> extract should be a good candidate for biofilm-associated fungal infections. |
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