Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series

Apatsa Lekskul, Supanat Thanomteeranant, Phantaraporn Tangtammaruk, Wadakarn Wuthisiri Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Wadakarn WuthisiriDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Thu...

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Autores principales:	Lekskul A, Thanomteeranant S, Tangtammaruk P, Wuthisiri W
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	diplopia abducens nerve paralytic strabismus neck mass Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09887fc1f1284118a9266908848ebbf3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09887fc1f1284118a9266908848ebbf32021-11-23T18:43:00ZIsolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series1179-142Xhttps://doaj.org/article/09887fc1f1284118a9266908848ebbf32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/isolated-sixth-nerve-palsy-as-a-first-presentation-of-nasopharyngeal-c-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-142XApatsa Lekskul, Supanat Thanomteeranant, Phantaraporn Tangtammaruk, Wadakarn Wuthisiri Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Wadakarn WuthisiriDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Thung Phayathai Subdistrict, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, ThailandTel +66 61 194 7887Fax +66 2 201 1516Email wuthisiri@gmail.comPurpose: To describe isolated sixth nerve palsy as an uncommon presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Patients and Methods: We analyzed the demographics, clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and pathological examination results of the nasopharyngeal masses of patients diagnosed with isolated sixth nerve palsy due to NPC.Results: Isolated sixth nerve palsy as the first presenting sign of NPC was diagnosed in five patients. Two patients were aged < 50 years and three were aged > 50 years, and one of these three older patients had vascular risk factors. Most of the patients in our case study had an uncommon presentation of isolated sixth nerve palsy with diplopia, followed by typical NPC signs such as a neck lump (two patients), nasal obstruction (two patients), tinnitus (two patients), hearing loss (one patient), and epistaxis (one patient). Pathological examination revealed non-keratinizing NPC in all cases. Neuroimaging showed that the sites of tumor invasion were the clivus, Dorello’s canal, and cavernous sinus, which explained the sixth nerve palsy. One patient whose NPC had progressed to the orbital apex later developed other cranial nerve palsies. Three patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and one patient underwent CCRT with adjuvant chemotherapy. The last patient was unfortunately lost to follow-up. The symptoms of four patients who underwent treatment improved.Conclusion: Isolated sixth nerve palsy can be the first presentation of NPC, especially in patients aged < 50 years old without microvascular risk factors or even in patients aged > 50 years old with microvascular risk factors. This case study emphasizes that a thorough clinical history and careful physical and neuroimaging examinations might be necessary to rule out life-threatening conditions in patients with isolated sixth nerve palsy.Keywords: diplopia, abducens nerve, paralytic strabismus, neck massLekskul AThanomteeranant STangtammaruk PWuthisiri WDove Medical Pressarticlediplopiaabducens nerveparalytic strabismusneck massMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Medical Case Reports Journal, Vol Volume 14, Pp 801-808 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diplopia abducens nerve paralytic strabismus neck mass Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	diplopia abducens nerve paralytic strabismus neck mass Medicine (General) R5-920 Lekskul A Thanomteeranant S Tangtammaruk P Wuthisiri W Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
description	Apatsa Lekskul, Supanat Thanomteeranant, Phantaraporn Tangtammaruk, Wadakarn Wuthisiri Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Wadakarn WuthisiriDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Thung Phayathai Subdistrict, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, ThailandTel +66 61 194 7887Fax +66 2 201 1516Email wuthisiri@gmail.comPurpose: To describe isolated sixth nerve palsy as an uncommon presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Patients and Methods: We analyzed the demographics, clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and pathological examination results of the nasopharyngeal masses of patients diagnosed with isolated sixth nerve palsy due to NPC.Results: Isolated sixth nerve palsy as the first presenting sign of NPC was diagnosed in five patients. Two patients were aged < 50 years and three were aged > 50 years, and one of these three older patients had vascular risk factors. Most of the patients in our case study had an uncommon presentation of isolated sixth nerve palsy with diplopia, followed by typical NPC signs such as a neck lump (two patients), nasal obstruction (two patients), tinnitus (two patients), hearing loss (one patient), and epistaxis (one patient). Pathological examination revealed non-keratinizing NPC in all cases. Neuroimaging showed that the sites of tumor invasion were the clivus, Dorello’s canal, and cavernous sinus, which explained the sixth nerve palsy. One patient whose NPC had progressed to the orbital apex later developed other cranial nerve palsies. Three patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and one patient underwent CCRT with adjuvant chemotherapy. The last patient was unfortunately lost to follow-up. The symptoms of four patients who underwent treatment improved.Conclusion: Isolated sixth nerve palsy can be the first presentation of NPC, especially in patients aged < 50 years old without microvascular risk factors or even in patients aged > 50 years old with microvascular risk factors. This case study emphasizes that a thorough clinical history and careful physical and neuroimaging examinations might be necessary to rule out life-threatening conditions in patients with isolated sixth nerve palsy.Keywords: diplopia, abducens nerve, paralytic strabismus, neck mass
format	article
author	Lekskul A Thanomteeranant S Tangtammaruk P Wuthisiri W
author_facet	Lekskul A Thanomteeranant S Tangtammaruk P Wuthisiri W
author_sort	Lekskul A
title	Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
title_short	Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
title_full	Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
title_fullStr	Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
title_full_unstemmed	Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
title_sort	isolated sixth nerve palsy as a first presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case series
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/09887fc1f1284118a9266908848ebbf3
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Isolated Sixth Nerve Palsy as a First Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series

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