Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.

The ankylosaurs are one of the major dinosaur groups and are characterized by unique body armor. Previous studies on other dinosaur taxa have revealed growth patterns, life history and evolutionary mechanisms based on their long bone histology. However, to date nothing is known about long bone histo...

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Autores principales:	Martina Stein, Shoji Hayashi, P Martin Sander
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09a560c164954572a394bfe615ba3b44
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09a560c164954572a394bfe615ba3b442021-11-18T09:03:12ZLong bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0068590https://doaj.org/article/09a560c164954572a394bfe615ba3b442013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23894321/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The ankylosaurs are one of the major dinosaur groups and are characterized by unique body armor. Previous studies on other dinosaur taxa have revealed growth patterns, life history and evolutionary mechanisms based on their long bone histology. However, to date nothing is known about long bone histology in the Ankylosauria. This study is the first description of ankylosaurian long bone histology based on several limb elements, which were sampled from different individuals from the Ankylosauridae and Nodosauridae. The histology is compared to that of other dinosaur groups, including other Thyreophora and Sauropodomorpha. Ankylosaur long bone histology is characterized by a fibrolamellar bone architecture. The bone matrix type in ankylosaurs is closest to that of Stegosaurus. A distinctive mixture of woven and parallel-fibered bone together with overall poor vascularization indicates slow growth rates compared to other dinosaurian taxa. Another peculiar characteristic of ankylosaur bone histology is the extensive remodeling in derived North American taxa. In contrast to other taxa, ankylosaurs substitute large amounts of their primary tissue early in ontogeny. This anomaly may be linked to the late ossification of the ankylosaurian body armor. Metabolically driven remodeling processes must have liberated calcium to ossify the protective osteodermal structures in juveniles to subadult stages, which led to further remodeling due to increased mechanical loading. Abundant structural fibers observed in the primary bone and even in remodeled bone may have improved the mechanical properties of the Haversian bone.Martina SteinShoji HayashiP Martin SanderPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e68590 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Martina Stein Shoji Hayashi P Martin Sander Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.
description	The ankylosaurs are one of the major dinosaur groups and are characterized by unique body armor. Previous studies on other dinosaur taxa have revealed growth patterns, life history and evolutionary mechanisms based on their long bone histology. However, to date nothing is known about long bone histology in the Ankylosauria. This study is the first description of ankylosaurian long bone histology based on several limb elements, which were sampled from different individuals from the Ankylosauridae and Nodosauridae. The histology is compared to that of other dinosaur groups, including other Thyreophora and Sauropodomorpha. Ankylosaur long bone histology is characterized by a fibrolamellar bone architecture. The bone matrix type in ankylosaurs is closest to that of Stegosaurus. A distinctive mixture of woven and parallel-fibered bone together with overall poor vascularization indicates slow growth rates compared to other dinosaurian taxa. Another peculiar characteristic of ankylosaur bone histology is the extensive remodeling in derived North American taxa. In contrast to other taxa, ankylosaurs substitute large amounts of their primary tissue early in ontogeny. This anomaly may be linked to the late ossification of the ankylosaurian body armor. Metabolically driven remodeling processes must have liberated calcium to ossify the protective osteodermal structures in juveniles to subadult stages, which led to further remodeling due to increased mechanical loading. Abundant structural fibers observed in the primary bone and even in remodeled bone may have improved the mechanical properties of the Haversian bone.
format	article
author	Martina Stein Shoji Hayashi P Martin Sander
author_facet	Martina Stein Shoji Hayashi P Martin Sander
author_sort	Martina Stein
title	Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.
title_short	Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.
title_full	Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.
title_fullStr	Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.
title_full_unstemmed	Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.
title_sort	long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/09a560c164954572a394bfe615ba3b44
work_keys_str_mv	AT martinastein longbonehistologyandgrowthpatternsinankylosaursimplicationsforlifehistoryandevolution AT shojihayashi longbonehistologyandgrowthpatternsinankylosaursimplicationsforlifehistoryandevolution AT pmartinsander longbonehistologyandgrowthpatternsinankylosaursimplicationsforlifehistoryandevolution
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Long bone histology and growth patterns in ankylosaurs: implications for life history and evolution.

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